Basic Principles IV

Question 1

volume of distribution formula

Answer 1

Vd = Dose / Concentration in Plasma

Question 2

extracellular fluid

Answer 2

plasma + interstitial fluid

Question 3

total body water

Answer 3

plasma + interstitial fluid + intracellular fluid

Question 4

what unit is Vd in?

Answer 4

Liters/Kg

Question 5

factors affecting distribution

Answer 5

blood flow, ability of drug to enter a fluid space, time after administration, and redistribution, size of the patient

Question 6

special considerations for placenta

Answer 6

no barrier to drugs that are

Question 7

when are teratogenic effects worst?

Answer 7

first trimester. Abnormal tissue differentiation can occur

Question 8

toxic effects on baby

Answer 8

chronic: addiction, low birth weight, specific organ abnormalities Acute: respiratory distress, hyperbilirubinemia, vascular problems

Question 9

blood brain barrier

Answer 9

anatomical protective barrier created by the existence of tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells and also between the choroid plexus ells in the ventricles. To enter the CNS, a drug must be lipid soluble or transported by a carrier mediated mechanism

Question 10

protein binding of drugs

Answer 10

only free drugs can interact with the receptor. Can change the apparent Vd: smaller if plasma protein binding occurs, larger if tissue binding occurs. Can result in unexpected drug toxicities: acts as reservoirs of active drugs

Question 11

drug storage

Answer 11

long term in lipid or bone, short term in proteins.