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CC1 > Basic Principles in Clinical Chemistry > Flashcards

Basic Principles in Clinical Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical came from the Greek word?

A

Kline

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2
Q

Kline means?

A

bed

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3
Q

It is the science that deals with the elements, their compounds, and the chemical structure and interaction of matter

A

Chemistry

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4
Q

Is an area in Laboratory Medicine that deals with the analysis of the chemical constituents of blood as well as other bodily fluids to facilitate the diagnosis of disease

A

Clinical Chemistry

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5
Q

T or F:
In clinical chemistry, we analyze biologically important substances that we call analytes like blood, urine, CSF, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid

A

True

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6
Q

He is the father of clinical chemistry

A

Johann Heller

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7
Q

it is the preferred in scientific literature and clinical laboratories and is the only system used in many countries

A

System International Units (SI)

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8
Q

T or F:
Move the decimal to the right if you are converting larger to smaller units

A

True

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9
Q

T or F:
Move the decimal to the left if you are converting larger to smaller units

A

False

move the decimal to the left if smaller to larger

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10
Q

It is a substance that is used to test for the presence of another substance by causing reaction with it

A

Reagents

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11
Q

T or F:
Due to advancement in the technology, most laboratory methods are automated so reagent testing is seldom performed

A

True

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12
Q

General Chemicals:

It is simple called as reagent grade

A

Analytical Reagent Grade

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13
Q

General Chemicals:

It meets the purity requirement of most procedures in the laboratory

A

Analytical Reagent Grade (ARG)

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14
Q

General Chemicals:

Chemicals in this category are suitable for use in most analytic laboratory procedures

A

Analytical Reagent Grade (ARG)

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15
Q

General Chemistry:

It is used for trace metal analysis and is most commonly used

A

Analytical Reagent Grade (ARG)

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16
Q

General Chemistry:

It has high purity level than ARG

A

Ultrapure

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17
Q

General Chemistry:

It is used for special needs and procedures

A

Ultrapure

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18
Q

General Chemistry:

It is used to manufacture drugs (for human consumption)

A

United States Pharmacopoeia (CP) and National Formulary (NF)

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19
Q

General Chemistry:

They are pure enough for use in most chemical procedures, but not based on the needs of the laboratory.

A

United States Pharmacopoeia (CP) and National Formulary (NF)

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20
Q

General Chemistry:

The preparation of this chemicals is not uniform

A

Chemical Pure (CP)

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21
Q

General Chemistry:

Melting point and boiling point analyses are used to determine the purity range and it is not recommended for reagent preparation

A

Chemical Pure (CP)

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22
Q

General Chemistry:

It is not recommended for clinical laboratory use unless there is a further purification

A

Chemical Pure (CP)

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23
Q

General Chemistry:

One disadvantage of this is that it fails to reveal the tolerance limit to impurities so this is not used for research or analytical chemistry purposes

A

Chemical Pure (CP)

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24
Q

General Chemistry:

This is used primarily in manufacturing and should never be used in clinical laboratory

A

Technical/ Practice/ Commercial

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25
Q

General Chemistry:

It has the lowest purity level among the classes of reagents

A

Technical/ Practice/ Commercial

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26
Q

These are the material with compositions established for use in calibration, assignment of values, or method selection and verification

A

Reference Materials

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27
Q

They have the exact composition of analyte so they are used for calibration and validation

A

Reference Materials

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28
Q

They are also knows as standards and may be classified as primary, secondary, or certified/ standard reference materials

A

Reference Materials

29
Q

Standard Solution:

It is a chemical that is the highest purity and can be measured directly to produce a substance of exact known concentration

A

Primary Standard

30
Q

They are known as Standard Reference Materials (SRM) and are used as primary standard materials in the clinical laboratory

A

National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST)

31
Q

Standard Solutions:

We use this as basis for laboratory results so we can see if equipment or reagent still produces accurate
results. This is expensive and difficult to prepare

A

Primary Standard

32
Q

Standard Solutions:

Is a substance of lower purity whose concentration is determined by comparison to a primary standard

A

Secondary Standard

33
Q

Standard Solution:

One advantage of this is that it is easy to prepare

A

Secondary Standard

34
Q

Standard Solutions:

Certified by a technically valid procedure and developed for use in clinical laboratories

A

Certified/ Standard Reference Materials (CRM/ SRM)

35
Q

Water Specification:

It is the most commonly used reagent in the laboratory

A

Water

36
Q

Water Specification:

This reagent is unsuitable for laboratory application

A

Tap water

37
Q

T or F:

We should always use purified water

A

True

38
Q

Water Specifications:

used for test methods requiring minimum interference such as trace metal, iron, and enzyme
analyses

A

Type I RGW

39
Q

Water Specifications:

Is used for procedures that require maximum water purity

A

Type I RGW

40
Q

Water Specifications:

It is stored for short period of time

A

Type I RGW

41
Q

Water Specifications:

Prepared by different purification methods such as reverse osmosis, submicron filtration, deionization to
become pure water

A

Type I RGW

42
Q

Water Specifications:

Is used in most laboratory determination in chemistry, hematology, microbiology, immunology, and other chemical laboratory areas

A

Type II RGW

43
Q

Water Specifications:

Acceptable for most analytic requirements, including reagent, quality control, and standard preparation

A

Type II RGW

44
Q

Water Specifications:

Is used in most qualitative measurement / examinations, most procedures in urinalysis, parasitology and histology, washing glasswares, and procedures not requiring Type I or II water

A

Type III RGW

45
Q

Water Specifications:

Not for analysis or reagent preparation

A

Type III RGW

46
Q

Water Specifications:

is obtained by boiling Type II
water. This is used when carbon dioxide, ammonia, and oxygen may affect analysis

A

Carbon dioxide-free water

47
Q

Methods of Water Purification:

is purified to remove almost all organic materials.

A

Distilled Water

48
Q

Methods of Water Ourification:

T or F

Water may be distilled more than once and each distillation cycle will remove impurities

A

True

49
Q

Methods of Water Purification:

It is produced from distilled water using either an anion or cation exchange resin followed by replacement of removed particles with hydroxyl or hydrogen ions respectively

A

Deionized Water

50
Q

Methods of Water Purification:

It is use of pressure to force water
through a semipermeable membrane

A

Reverse Osmosis

51
Q

Methods of Water Purification:

T or F

You can use Distilled Water as pre-treatment for water in distillation or deionization

A

False; It is the Reverse Osmosis

52
Q

This material is used to meausure the temperature

A

Thermometer

53
Q

Give the formula of converting Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

C (1.8) + 32

54
Q

Give the formula of converting Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

(F - 32) / 1.8

55
Q

Enumerate the types of thermometer

A

Liquid in glass
Electronic
Digital

56
Q

A type of thermometer that uses a colored liquid (red or other color), encased in plastic or glass material. Visual inspection of the liquid-in-glass thermometer should reveal a continuous line of liquid, free from separation or bubbles

A

Liquid-in-glass Thermometer

57
Q

A type of thermometer that has a faster response time compared to liquid-in-glass

A

Electronic Thermometer

58
Q

Types of Glasswares:

It contains boron oxide and it is free from magnesia-lime-zinc group of elements

A

High thermal resistant glass (Borosilicate)

59
Q

Types of Glasswares:

Pyrex and Kimax are most common in this and is also ideal for heating and sterilization

A

Borosilicate

60
Q

Types of Glasswares:
also called alkali-resistant glassware and is 6x stronger than borosilicate glass

A

Aluminocilicate

61
Q

Types of Glasswares:

Ideal for higher temperature. Corex and Vycor are the brand names of this

A

Aluminosilicate

62
Q

Types of Glasswares:

it consist of 96% silica content comparable to fused quartz in its thermal endurance, chemical stability, and electrical characteristics

A

High silica glass

63
Q

Types of Glasswares:

It is ideal for high precision analytical work and can also be used for optical reflectors and mirrors

A

High silica glass

64
Q

Types of Glasswares:

it is expensive and used for methods that involve light transmission like cuvettes in spectrophotometry

A

High Silica glass

65
Q

Types of Glasswares:

Amber or red-colored to reduce the amount of light passing through the substance within the glassware.

A

Low actinic glass

66
Q

Types of Glasswares:

It is used for bilirubin, carotene, and vit a

A

Low actinic glass

67
Q

Types of Glasswares:
A soda lime glass which is composed of a mixture of oxides of Si, Ca, and Na

A

Standard flint glass

68
Q

Types of Glasswares:

It is easy to melt and shape and is disposable like petri dish

A

Standard flint glass

69
Q

Types of Glasswares:

Soft glass which has a high resistance to alkali in solution but borosilicate is still more superiod

A

Boron-free glass

CC1 (1 decks)

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