Basic Principles and Processes

Question 1

What is the difference between a ground, surface fire and a crown fires?

Answer 1

Ground - burn organic matter underneath surface litter and are sustained by glowing combustion

Surface fires- burn leaf fronts, branches, and other organic fuel at ground level

crown - burn the canopy. need slopes and lots of fuel to continue

Question 2

What is point source pollution? non point source

Answer 2

comes from the outflow pipe of a factory and goes directly to a water source.

non point - runoff from city streets, cannot be traced to someone or somewhere

Question 3

What is biomagnification?

Answer 3

As toxins are passed up the food chain, from primary consumers to tertiary, those toxins are eaten and stored in the predator, and thus the amount of toxin present can increase as it moves up

Question 4

what is drift-net fishing? long line?

Answer 4

using a large net attached to buoys, can catch other animals by mistake

long line- fishing with long lines and many hooks. can accidentally catch seagulls, turtles, and mammals

Question 5

phytoremidation? bioremediation?

Answer 5

filtering hazardous wastes out of environment by the action of some plants

conversion of hazardous wastes to other chemicals by use of enzymes and bacteria

Question 6

What are the 7 steps of scientific inquiry?

Answer 6

1. Determination of scope of questions to be investigated
2. design, strategy, and method of inquiry. construct a model for the inquiry
3. formulation of theories and models based on careful observation of unbiased data
4. analysis of possible alternative conclusions drawn from the models and results of experimentation
5. construct a scientific statement or postulate a theory based on analysis
6. defend the statement against alternative hypotheses
7. defend conclusion/ theory against critical analysis

Question 7

what is nucleosynthesis ?

Answer 7

hydrogen burning = thermonuclear reactions that occur in stars. Starts with hydrogen, and either through proton-proton reaction (2 H protons combine to form He) or carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle (a C atom absorbs 4 protons, and through radioactivity and fusion a normal C and He are formed), He and other elements are formed.
Once all the H burns into He, He atoms fuse with C atoms to build the heavier elements

Question 8

what are the 4 fundamental forces in nature ? define each briefly

Answer 8

gravity - Newton’s universal law, the force varies depending on mass of different objects and distance b/t them.
electromagnetism- effect of mutually dependent electric and magnetic field, which affect behavior of electrically charged particle such as atoms, thus virtually all physical phenomenon.
Strong force -strong nuclear force, mediated by gluon, which holds neutrons and protons together in atom’s nucleus
weak force - beta decay and radioactivity