Basic Principles Flashcards
Define somatic dysfunction
Impaired or altered Function of the related components of the somatic (body framework) system: S keletal, A rthrodial, and M yofascial structures, and related V ascular, L ymphatic A nd N eural elements.
Define the four tenets of Osteopathic Medicine
1) The mind, body & spirit are a unit.
2) The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing, and health maintenance.
3) Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated.
4) Rational treatment is based upon understanding & implementing the other 3 tenets.
Define Homeostasis
The level of well-being of an individual maintained by internal physiologic harmony that is the result of a relatively stable state or equilibrium among the interdependent body functions. GOT, 2011
Define acute somatic dysfunction
Immediate or short-term impairment or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system. Characterized by: Vasodilation Edema Tenderness Pain Tissue contraction
Define chronic somatic dysfunction
Impairment or altered function of related components of the somatic (body framework) system. Characterized by: Tenderness Itching Fibrosis Paresthesias Tissue contraction
What are the differences between acute and chronic somatic dysfunctions?
Acute somatic dysfunction is more often associated with edema, whereas chronic SD is more often associated with itching, fibrosis and paresthesias.
What does the acronym “TART” stand for in OPP parliance?
Tissue texture abnormalities
Asymmetry of structure
Restriction of motion
Tenderness
What is the significance of finding TART on PE?
The presence of any one or combination of Tissue texture abnormalities, Asymmetry of structure, Restriction of motion and/or Tenderness is indicative of somatic dysfunction.
A 26 yo male presents with mid-back pain after being tackled playing basketball. Which of the following is most likely a sign of acute somatic dysfunction? A) Tenderness B) Itching C) Fibrosis D) Edema E) Paresthesias
D) Edema
Answer A is found in both acute and chonic SD. Answers C-E are more characteristic of chronic SD.
Describe the 3 planes of motion, in regard to the human body
1) coronal plane (frontal plane), a plane passing longitudinally through the body from one side to the other, and dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions. (think of the corona of the sun in a 2d rendering) 2) sagittal plane, a plane passing longitudinally through the body from front to back and dividing it into right and left portions. The median or midsagittal plane divides the body into approximately equal right and left portions. (tink of the sagittal suture) 3) transverse plane (horizontal plane), a plane passing horizontally through the body perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes, dividing the body into upper and lower portions. (think about looking toward the horizon) GOT 2011
What are the associations between movement and the 3 planes of motion?
Sagittal plane - Flexion/Extension
Coronal plane - sidebending
Horizontal plane - rotation
What is the difference between the active and passive ranges of motion?
Active range of motion is that which the patient has control over through the use of their muscles. Passive range of motion is motion induced by the physician and is limited by the anatomic barriers.
What is the difference between an anatomic and physiologic barrier?
Anatomic Barrier - the limit of motion imposed by anatomic structure; the limit of passive motion.
Physiologic Barrier - the limit of active motion (motion imposed by the patient through muscle contraction).
What is the elastic barrier?
the range of motion between the physiologic and anatomic barrier of motion in which passive stretching occurs before tissue disruption.
Define “restrictive barrier”
a functional limit to motion that abnormally diminishes the normal physiologic range of motion. It usually limits the active and passive ranges of motion.
