Basic principles Flashcards
1
Q
What are the five principles of flap design?
A
- Broad base - good blood supply
- Large enough - adequate access and vision
- Full thickness - include periosteum
- Margins on sound bone when closed
- Avoid important anatomical structures
2
Q
What are the seven ways to control bleeding?
A
- Suction
- Pressure
- Posture
- Surgicel
- Diathermy
- Bone wax
- Ligation of specific vessels
3
Q
What are the different diagnostic procedures?
A
- Aspiration
- Needle biopsy
- Excision biopsy
- Incision biopsy
4
Q
What are the indications for extracting teeth?
A
• Caries • Periodontal disease • Prophylactic: – orthodontic – prosthetic • Abnormal wear • Idiopathic resorption: – internal – external • Trauma to teeth • Supernumerary teeth • Supplemental teeth • Systemic disease ? – endocarditis – jaw irradiation • Non functional • Trauma by tooth
5
Q
What are some post-operative problems?
A
- Retained swabs
- Pain
- Infection
- Swelling
- Bleeding
6
Q
What are some per-operative problems?
A
- Root fracture
- Soft tissue injury
- Nerve injury
- Vessel injury
- Bone fracture
- Tuberosity fracture
- Displacement into soft tissues / cyst / antrum
- Damage to underlying follicle
- Loosening / damage to adjacent teeth
- Inhaled / swallowed tooth
- Instrument fracture
7
Q
What are some pre-operative problems?
A
- Inadequate pre-operative clinical and radiographic assessment
- Wrong tooth extraction
8
Q
What are the different types of flap?
A
- Simple envelope
- 2-sided
- 3-sided
9
Q
What do you need to consider when closing a flap?
A
• Choice of suture: o resorbable o silk • Choice of needle: o Cutting ( normal / reverse ) o non cutting ( round )
10
Q
What should you think about when removing bone?
A
- Does it have to be from gingival margin?
- Alveolar bone preservation prosthetic advantage
- Vertical bur angulation - creates elevator access and preserves buccal bone
11
Q
What should you do on a pre-operative assessment?
A
- Patient’s medical history
- Adequate radiographic assessment - whole tooth & surrounding structures
- Appropriate instruments - suction & irrigation
- Surgeon’s competency
