Basic principles

Question 1

What is the most abundant atom in the body?

Answer 1

Hydrogen

Question 2

Where is hydrogen most commonly found at in the body? (2 places)

Answer 2

Fat and water

Question 3

The _________ contains all of the atoms mass

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

The _______________ is the sum of the protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 4

Atomic number

Question 5

The ________________ is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer 5

Mass number

Question 6

____________ have a positive electrical charge in an atom

Answer 6

Protons

Question 7

_______________ have a negative electrical charge in an atom

Answer 7

Electrons

Question 8

______________ have no net charge in an atom.

Answer 8

Neutrons

Question 9

Atoms of elements with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons are called _________.

Answer 9

Isotopes 

Question 10

The number of electrons is usually the same as the number of ______ in the nucleus.

Answer 10

Protons

Question 11

This is an atom that has a deficit in the number of electrons compared with protons and causes electrical and stability

Answer 11

Ions

Question 12

What are the three types of motion present within an atom?

Answer 12

1. electrons spinning on their own axis
2. Electrons orbiting the nucleus.
3. The nucleus itself spinning about its own axis.

Question 13

MR _____ nuclei are characterized by their tendency to align their axis of rotation to an applied magnetic field

Answer 13

Active

Question 14

Who came up with the law of electromagnetic induction?

Answer 14

Michael Faraday in 1833

Question 15

This law refers to three individual forces – motion, magnetism, and charge – and states that if two of these are present, then the third is automatically induced

Answer 15

The law of electromagnetic induction

Question 16

___________ is the isotope of the hydrogen nucleus that is the MR active nucleus used in clinical MRI

Answer 16

Protium

Question 17

What is the atomic mass number of protium?

Answer 17

1

Question 18

The laws of ______________________ state that a magnetic field is created when a charged particle moves.

Answer 18

Electromagnetism

Question 19

The magnet of each hydrogen atom has a _________ and a _____________ pole of equal strength

Answer 19

north, south

Question 20

What is a vector?

Answer 20

An entity that has size as well as direction.

Question 21

What symbol denotes a vector?

Answer 21

arrow

Question 22

The length of the vector designates what?

Answer 22

size of the magnetic moment

Question 23

The direction of the vector designates what?

Answer 23

direction of the magnetic moment

Question 25

This theory describes the properties of electromagnetic radiation in terms of discrete quantities of energy called quanta

Answer 25

 quantum theory

Question 26

_______ energy nuclei, align their magnetic moments parallel to the external field and are termed ________ nuclei

Answer 26

Low energy, spin-up nuclei

Question 27

______ energy nuclei align their magnetic moments in the anti-parallel direction and our termed _______ nuclei

Answer 27

High, spin-down

Question 28

What is the strong static external magnetic field termed in MRI?

Answer 28

B0