Basic Principles

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

genetic factor helps determine characteristics

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

1-2 or more alternative forms of a gene

Question 3

Locus

Answer 3

specific place on chromosomes occupied by an allele

Question 4

genotype

Answer 4

set of alleles possessed by an individual

Question 5

heterozygote

Answer 5

individual organism possessing 2 DIFFERENT alleles at a locus

Question 6

homozygote

Answer 6

individual organism possessing 2 SAME alleles at a locus

Question 7

phenotype or trait

Answer 7

appearance/manifestation of a character

Question 8

Null/Amorphic Alleles

Answer 8

Nonfunctional protein is produced OR no protein is produced

Question 9

Hypomorphic Alleles

Answer 9

Poorly functioning protein is produced OR reduced amounts of a normally functioning
protein is produced

Question 10

Autosomal Dominant Traits

Answer 10

bb normal
Bb affected heterozygote
BB affected homozygote

Question 11

Dominant Hypermorphic Alleles

Answer 11

Negative phenotypic consequences due to the over production of a normal protein OR due to the production of a protein with increased activity levels

Question 12

Neomorphic Alleles

Answer 12

Negative phenotypic consequences due to the
presence of an altered protein that has a new function OR consequences when the altered
protein interferes with the wildtype protein