Basic Plumbing Flashcards
what are the 4 catagories of pipes and fittings
- cast iron
- galvanized metal
- copper
- plastic
what is cast iron exclusively used for
drainage systems
what should you do to a PVC pipe after cutting
de-burr the edges
what is the “Schedule” of pipe mean
schedule is the thickness
schedule 40 is thicker than 80
how much pressure should be in your water lines
42-46 psi
can PVC pipe be used for hot water lines
no, only for cold lines
CPVC can be used for hot
when priming how far out should the primer be from the joint
about 3/4”
what should you do before glueing all your pipes
dry fit everything to make sure everything is good, and make tick marks on all the joints to ensure proper re-alignment
what is CPVC
chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
what size pipes does CPVC come in
3/8”, 1/2”, 3/4” and 1”
what is the best material for water supply pipes
copper because it has great water flow
how many wall thickness grades does copper have, and what are they
3
M: red lettering, thinnest and least expensive
L: blue lettering, required by code for commercial plumbing
K: has the heaviest walls and is mostly used for underground water service lines
what is Mapp gas
methylacetylene-propadine and liquefied petroleum gas
how hot can the flame get using Mapp gas
5300 degrees
which can burn hotter propane or mapp gas
mapp gas
what is the purpose of flux
cleans away the oxidized coating on metal and allows the solder to bond
what must you do when adding copper to a galvanized pipe
include a dielectric union
what is PEX
polyethylene
what are some advantages to PEX
- Easy to install
- easy to transport
- good insulation
- quiet
- good for retrofit jobs
- freeze resistant
how far apart should the support braces be when using PEX
horizontaly every 32”
vertically every 10’
how long and how hot can you run hot water through PEX
210 degrees for 48 hours
ongoing use 180 degrees and up to 100 psi
what sizes does PEX come in
1/4”, 1/2”, 3/4” and 1”
what kind of piping do push on connectors work for
CPVC, copper and PEX
the white plastic sleeves must be removed when using copper
what is the DWV system
the drain, waste vent system
what are drain lines
carry water from sinks, shower and tubs
what are waste lines
carry waste from toilets
what do vent lines do
exhaust sewer gases and provide the air pressure to allow wastes to flow freely
what are the min code requirements for clearance around toilets
min 15” left and right and min 12” behind toilet
sewerage systems are usually made from pipe ranging in diameter from ___ to ___ inches
2 to 36
any drain line must have a ____ in drop per ____
1/4” drop per every 1’ horizontally
what is the min width of a vent pipe
1 1/4”
the vent pipe should always be more than ___ the width of the drain pipe
half the width
what is the min width piping for single and double toilet systems
single toilet 2” piping
double toilet 3” piping
what are the types of venting
wet venting
auxillary venting
direct venting
what is direct venting
if a fixture is within 5’ of a waste stack, a standard vent is not required as the stack itself acts as a vent
what is a stack vent
the extension of the waste stack that potrudes from the roof to vent gases
what is a drainage trap
a curved section of pipe that fills with water creating a seal against odors and gases
what are the 4 types of faucets
- compression
- ball
- cartridge
- disk
what is a septic system
an on site sewege managment system designed to safely treat and dispose of waste water
the waste in a septic tank naturally seperates into what three layers
the top layer Scum
the middle layer waste water
the bottom layer sludge
what is it that keep scum and sludge from leaving the septic tank
a baffle
what comes from the septic tank to the leach field
a distribution box
whats effluent
waste water that has been filtered and treated by the soil before it enters the water table
what is the purpose of the drain/leach field
to deliver the effluent to the soil to be broken down
what does the small amount of sludge left in the tank do
promotes bacterial growth
what does bacterial growth do
breaks down solid waste
how often should you pump your septic for a family of four
every 2 to 3 years
what are three types of septic tanks
concrete
plastic
polyethlyene
what must you do if installing a polyethylene tank
ensure it is secured to the ground to prevent floating
how big must a tank be for a three bedroom house
1,000 gallons or more
how big must a tank be for a four bedroom house
1250 gal or more
how big must a tank be for a five bedroom house
1500 gals or more
what is one of the most important factors to consider when determining the size of the vent line
determine the number of units that will be connected
what is the ring that goes between the toilet and the floor flange that prevents water from leaking
wax ring
what traps do you use for floor drains and wall drains
use a P trap for walls
use a S trap for floors
if water is warm but not hot what heating element do you replace
top heating element
if you get a small amount of very hot water but then cold what heater element do you replace
bottom element
