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Advanced Pharmacology for the SFA > Basic Pharmacology (ch1) > Flashcards

Basic Pharmacology (ch1) Flashcards

1
Q

ABSORPTION

A

process by which a drug is taken into the body and moves from the site of administration into the blood.

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2
Q

ADVERSE EFFECT

A

undesired, potentially harmful side of effect of drugs

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3
Q

AGONIST

A

drug molecule that binds to a receptor and causes a response

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4
Q

ANTAGONIST

A

drug that binds to specific receptor sites and prevents other medications from binding to these same sites, reversing or not allowing them to have an effect.

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5
Q

BIOAVAILABILITY

A

the extent to which an administered amount of a drug reaches the site of action and is available to produce its effects

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6
Q

BIOTECHNOLOGY

A

concepts of genetic engineering and recombinant dna technology

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7
Q

BIOTRANSFORMATION

A

process of changing the chemical composition of a drug from lipid-soluble molecules into water-soluble molecules that can be more easily excreted; usually takes place in the liver AKA drug metabolism.

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8
Q

BOLUS

A

entire dose of medication given at once

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9
Q

CONTRAINDICATION

A

condition when the use of given medication should be avoided.

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10
Q

DISTRIBUTION

A

process in which the circulatory system transports a drug throughout the body and drug molecules eventually diffuse our to the bloodstream to the sire of actions.

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11
Q

DURATION

A

time b/w onset and disappearance of drug effects.

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12
Q

EMULSION

A

medication contained in a mixture of water and oil bound together with an emulsifier.

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13
Q

ENTERAL

A

pertaining to the intestinal tract

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14
Q

EXCRETION

A

process of elimination of drug molecules from the body ; usually the urinary system.

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15
Q

HYPERSENSITIVITY

A

allergic response resulting from previous exposure to the drug or a similar drug; a type of adverse effect to a drug

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16
Q

IDOSYNCRATIC EFFECT

A

rare and unpredictable adverse effects of some drugs on individuals, in which the mechanism of the effect may not be known clearly or understood.

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17
Q

INDICATION

A

reason a medication is used to to treat a condition

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18
Q

LOCAL EFFECT

A

medication acts at the site of application

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19
Q

ONSET

A

time b/w administration of drug and the first appearance of effects

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20
Q

PARENTERAL

A

pertaining to any drug administration route other than the intestinal tract.

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21
Q

PHARMACODYNAMICS

A

study of how drug actions affect the body

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22
Q

PHARMACOKENETICS

A

study of how the body processes drugs

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23
Q

PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING

A

process in which some drugs molecules attach to albumins and globulins contained in blood plasma

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24
Q

RECONSTITUTED

A

mixing a powder with a liquid to form a solution

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25
Q

SIDE EFFECTS

A

predictable but unintended effect of a drug

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26
Q

SOLUBILITY

A

characterisitic indicating how easily a drug can be dissolved in a fluid.

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27
Q

SOLUTION

A

mixture of drug particles fully dissolved in a liquid

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28
Q

SUSPENSION

A

mixture of undissolved drug particles floating in a liquid

29
Q

SYNERGIST

A

drug that enhances the effect of another drug

30
Q

SYSTEMIC EFFECT

A

medications act throughout the body

31
Q

TOPICAL

A
32
Q

What drug is given as an antidote to warfarin?

A

vitamin

33
Q

The abbreviation PO represents which one of the following?

A

orally

34
Q

Prescriptions must include all of the following information

A

name of the drug.

route of administration of the drug.

drug dosage.

35
Q

A surgical patient is given a drug during surgery and suspects he or she is having a delayed allergic reaction to the drug, several days later. Which symptom indicates that the patient may be having a delayed drug reaction?

A

joint swelling

36
Q

An order for a drug to be given as needed is called a _______________ order.

A

PRN

37
Q

The abbreviation bid represents which one of the following?

A

twice a day

38
Q

The time between the administration of a drug and the first appearance of its effects is called

A

onset

39
Q

When a drug travels from the site of administration into the bloodstream, it is called

A

absorption

40
Q

What does the abbreviation sos mean on a prescription?

A

once, if necessary

41
Q

A drug that binds to a receptor and stimulates its function is said to be a(n) _______________ drug.

A

agonist

42
Q

An anticoagulant drug is classified by its

A

therapuetic action

43
Q

Which one of the following abbreviations indicates that a drug is to be given orally?

A

PO

44
Q

Most drugs are excreted and eliminated by the

A

kidney

45
Q

Which form of drug preparation tends to act more quickly?

A

gas

46
Q

The study of drugs derived from natural sources is called

A

pharmacognosy.

47
Q

Drugs are chemically altered via a process called metabolism in the

A

liver

48
Q

How is antibiotic irrigation applied during surgery?

A

topical

49
Q

All are terms used to describe the body’s response or reaction to medications, except

hypersensitivity.

idiosyncratic.

contraindication.

side effect.

A

contraindication

50
Q

Volatile anesthetic agents are eliminated from the body via

A

the lungs

51
Q

How is a medication administered by any route except the mouth?

A

parenterally

52
Q

The abbreviation NPO represents which one of the following?

A

nothing by mouth

53
Q

Which group of drugs is known as receptor blockers?

A

antagonists

54
Q

Many antibiotics used in surgery come in _________ form and must be reconstituted.

A

powder

55
Q

Which drug administration route causes many drugs to undergo the “first-pass effect”?

A

oral

56
Q

Which drug form is used the least in the surgical department?

A

solid

57
Q

Which one of the following terms is the study of the four basic processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in response to drugs?

A

Pharmacokinetics

58
Q

How is an order for a drug to be given three times a day indicated on a prescription?

A

tid

59
Q

Which one of the following types of drug binds to receptor site proteins and then inhibits a response

A

antagonist

60
Q

Malignant hyperthermia is a(n) _______________ effect to certain drugs.

A

idiosyncratic
(IDR)

61
Q

Distribution of drugs within the body is carried out through which one of the following body systems?

A

circulatory

62
Q

Demerol is an example of a

A

synthetic drugs

63
Q

Which one of the following is not used for the classification of drugs?

A

source of origin

64
Q

A drug that enhances the effect of another drug is called a(n)

A

synergist

65
Q

Why would a local anesthetic, injected into an infected wound, not produce the intended effect?

A

Because the local anesthetic could not reach the site of action

66
Q

Which one of the following abbreviations indicates an ointment form of a given drug?

A

ung

67
Q

An expected but unintended effect of a drug is termed a(n) _______________ effect.

A

side

68
Q
A

Advanced Pharmacology for the SFA (3 decks)

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