Basic Pharmacology (ch1)

Question 1

ABSORPTION

Answer 1

process by which a drug is taken into the body and moves from the site of administration into the blood.

Question 2

ADVERSE EFFECT

Answer 2

undesired, potentially harmful side of effect of drugs

Question 3

AGONIST

Answer 3

drug molecule that binds to a receptor and causes a response

Question 4

ANTAGONIST

Answer 4

drug that binds to specific receptor sites and prevents other medications from binding to these same sites, reversing or not allowing them to have an effect.

Question 5

BIOAVAILABILITY

Answer 5

the extent to which an administered amount of a drug reaches the site of action and is available to produce its effects

Question 6

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Answer 6

concepts of genetic engineering and recombinant dna technology

Question 7

BIOTRANSFORMATION

Answer 7

process of changing the chemical composition of a drug from lipid-soluble molecules into water-soluble molecules that can be more easily excreted; usually takes place in the liver AKA drug metabolism.

Question 8

BOLUS

Answer 8

entire dose of medication given at once

Question 9

CONTRAINDICATION

Answer 9

condition when the use of given medication should be avoided.

Question 10

DISTRIBUTION

Answer 10

process in which the circulatory system transports a drug throughout the body and drug molecules eventually diffuse our to the bloodstream to the sire of actions.

Question 11

DURATION

Answer 11

time b/w onset and disappearance of drug effects.

Question 12

EMULSION

Answer 12

medication contained in a mixture of water and oil bound together with an emulsifier.

Question 13

ENTERAL

Answer 13

pertaining to the intestinal tract

Question 14

EXCRETION

Answer 14

process of elimination of drug molecules from the body ; usually the urinary system.

Question 15

HYPERSENSITIVITY

Answer 15

allergic response resulting from previous exposure to the drug or a similar drug; a type of adverse effect to a drug

Question 16

IDOSYNCRATIC EFFECT

Answer 16

rare and unpredictable adverse effects of some drugs on individuals, in which the mechanism of the effect may not be known clearly or understood.

Question 17

INDICATION

Answer 17

reason a medication is used to to treat a condition

Question 18

LOCAL EFFECT

Answer 18

medication acts at the site of application

Question 19

ONSET

Answer 19

time b/w administration of drug and the first appearance of effects

Question 20

PARENTERAL

Answer 20

pertaining to any drug administration route other than the intestinal tract.

Question 21

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Answer 21

study of how drug actions affect the body

Question 22

PHARMACOKENETICS

Answer 22

study of how the body processes drugs

Question 23

PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING

Answer 23

process in which some drugs molecules attach to albumins and globulins contained in blood plasma

Question 24

RECONSTITUTED

Answer 24

mixing a powder with a liquid to form a solution

Question 25

SIDE EFFECTS

Answer 25

predictable but unintended effect of a drug

Question 26

SOLUBILITY

Answer 26

characterisitic indicating how easily a drug can be dissolved in a fluid.

Question 27

SOLUTION

Answer 27

mixture of drug particles fully dissolved in a liquid

Question 28

SUSPENSION

Answer 28

mixture of undissolved drug particles floating in a liquid

Question 29

SYNERGIST

Answer 29

drug that enhances the effect of another drug

Question 30

SYSTEMIC EFFECT

Answer 30

medications act throughout the body

Question 31

TOPICAL

Question 32

What drug is given as an antidote to warfarin?

Answer 32

vitamin

Question 33

The abbreviation PO represents which one of the following?

Answer 33

orally

Question 34

Prescriptions must include all of the following information

Answer 34

name of the drug. route of administration of the drug. drug dosage.

Question 35

A surgical patient is given a drug during surgery and suspects he or she is having a delayed allergic reaction to the drug, several days later. Which symptom indicates that the patient may be having a delayed drug reaction?

Answer 35

joint swelling

Question 36

An order for a drug to be given as needed is called a _______________ order.

Answer 36

PRN

Question 37

The abbreviation bid represents which one of the following?

Answer 37

twice a day

Question 38

The time between the administration of a drug and the first appearance of its effects is called

Answer 38

onset

Question 39

When a drug travels from the site of administration into the bloodstream, it is called

Answer 39

absorption

Question 40

What does the abbreviation sos mean on a prescription?

Answer 40

once, if necessary

Question 41

A drug that binds to a receptor and stimulates its function is said to be a(n) _______________ drug.

Answer 41

agonist

Question 42

An anticoagulant drug is classified by its

Answer 42

therapuetic action

Question 43

Which one of the following abbreviations indicates that a drug is to be given orally?

Answer 43

PO

Question 44

Most drugs are excreted and eliminated by the

Answer 44

kidney

Question 45

Which form of drug preparation tends to act more quickly?

Answer 45

gas

Question 46

The study of drugs derived from natural sources is called

Answer 46

pharmacognosy.

Question 47

Drugs are chemically altered via a process called metabolism in the

Answer 47

liver

Question 48

How is antibiotic irrigation applied during surgery?

Answer 48

topical

Question 49

All are terms used to describe the body’s response or reaction to medications, except hypersensitivity. idiosyncratic. contraindication. side effect.

Answer 49

contraindication

Question 50

Volatile anesthetic agents are eliminated from the body via

Answer 50

the lungs

Question 51

How is a medication administered by any route except the mouth?

Answer 51

parenterally

Question 52

The abbreviation NPO represents which one of the following?

Answer 52

nothing by mouth

Question 53

Which group of drugs is known as receptor blockers?

Answer 53

antagonists

Question 54

Many antibiotics used in surgery come in _________ form and must be reconstituted.

Answer 54

powder

Question 55

Which drug administration route causes many drugs to undergo the “first-pass effect”?

Answer 55

oral

Question 56

Which drug form is used the least in the surgical department?

Answer 56

solid

Question 57

Which one of the following terms is the study of the four basic processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in response to drugs?

Answer 57

Pharmacokinetics

Question 58

How is an order for a drug to be given three times a day indicated on a prescription?

Answer 58

tid

Question 59

Which one of the following types of drug binds to receptor site proteins and then inhibits a response

Answer 59

antagonist

Question 60

Malignant hyperthermia is a(n) _______________ effect to certain drugs.

Answer 60

idiosyncratic (IDR)

Question 61

Distribution of drugs within the body is carried out through which one of the following body systems?

Answer 61

circulatory

Question 62

Demerol is an example of a

Answer 62

synthetic drugs

Question 63

Which one of the following is not used for the classification of drugs?

Answer 63

source of origin

Question 64

A drug that enhances the effect of another drug is called a(n)

Answer 64

synergist

Question 65

Why would a local anesthetic, injected into an infected wound, not produce the intended effect?

Answer 65

Because the local anesthetic could not reach the site of action

Question 66

Which one of the following abbreviations indicates an ointment form of a given drug?

Answer 66

ung

Question 67

An expected but unintended effect of a drug is termed a(n) _______________ effect.

Answer 67

side