Basic Pharmacology

Question 1

The science that deals with the study of drugs in all its aspects.

Answer 1

Pharmacology

Question 2

The study of the drug in terms of its history, source of chemical and physical properties, mechanism of action, absorption, distribution, bio-transformations and other uses of the drug.

Answer 2

Pharmacology

Question 3

The study of the way a drug is ABSORBED, then DISTRIBUTED to the tissues of the body, METABOLIZED and EXCRETED.
MOVEMENT of the drug in the body

Answer 3

Pharmacokinetics

Question 4

• The study of a DRUG’s ACTIVITY, describing the nature and magnitude of the response, once it reaches its SITE OF ACTION.
• What the drug DOES to a body

Answer 4

Pharmacodynamics

Question 5

Determines the DOSAGE of the drug recommended for patients, and HOW they should TAKE it.

Answer 5

Pharmacokinetic Profile

Question 6

What are the 4 Pharmacokinetic Processes?

Answer 6

Absorption
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 7

The process by which a drug moves from the SITE OF ADMINISTRATION into the BLOODSTREAM.

Answer 7

Absorption

Question 8

The process by which a drug, when taken, is PARTITIONED among THE VARIOUS ORGANS and TISSUES in the body where the drug EXERTS ITS ACTION.

Answer 8

Distribution

Question 9

The process by which a drug in the body may be changed into other, usually smaller, molecules called METABOLITES.

Answer 9

Metabolism

Question 10

The process by which drugs or their metabolites are eliminated from the body

Answer 10

Excretion

Question 11

Rate of absorption affects _______ and ______.

Answer 11

Duration

Intensity of Action

Question 12

Factors affecting absorption are:

Answer 12

Gastric Motility
Rate of Blood Flow
Area of Absorbing Surface
Molecular Size
Solubility

GRAMS

Question 13

Body compartments in which drugs accumulate

Answer 13

Reservoir

Question 14

Also known as biotransformation

Answer 14

Metabolism

Question 15

True or False.

Metabolites may be active or inactive, usually lees active than the parent drug

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Metabolism happens in the _____, if drug is taken orally.

Answer 16

Liver

Question 17

True or False.

Lipid Soluble drugs are eliminated faster

Answer 17

False. They are eliminated slowly

Question 18

True or False.

Drugs are eliminated in the body either unchanged or as metabolites

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What are the 7 excretory Routes.

Answer 19

Sweat
Tears
Respiratory Gases
Saliva
Mother's Milk
Urine
Stool

Question 20

What are the 6 Pharmacokinetic Parameters?

Answer 20

Bioavailability
Area under the curve
Peak serum concentration
Half life
First-pass effect
Blood protein binding

Question 21

The amount of the ADMINISTERED drug which arrives in its THERAPEUTIC form at the SITE OF ACTION

Answer 21

Bioavailability

Question 22

Measurement of the AMOUNT of drug that has been ABSORBED at a GIVEN TIME after administration

Answer 22

Area under the Curve

Question 23

The MAXIMUM level of drug achieved in the BLOODSTREAM

Answer 23

Peak serum drug concentration

Question 24

The TIME it takes for the concentration of the drug in the bloodstream to fall to half of its peak value.

Answer 24

Half Life

Question 25

The metabolism of drugs the FIRST TIME they pass through the LIVER, before they have the chance to circulate to other body tissues. May reduce bioavailability and so affect dosage.

Answer 25

First-Pass Effect

Question 26

The affinity of a drug to bind with proteins, chiefly ALBUMIN, in the blood stream

Answer 26

Blood Protein Binding

Question 27

True of false. Protein bound proportion of a drug may be pharmacologically inactive, leaving only the unbound drug being available to the tissues.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What are the two pharmacodynamic parameters?

Answer 28

MIC - minimum inhibitory concentration | MBC - minimum bactericidal concentration

Question 29

Lowest drug concentration needed to inhibit the growth of the bacteria

Answer 29

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Question 30

Lowest drug concentration needed to kill a particular bacteria strain

Answer 30

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration

Question 31

Length of time that the serum concentrations of the antibiotic remains higher than the MIC.

Answer 31

T>MIC | Time above MIC

Question 32

3 Pharmacodynamic Properties

Answer 32

Drug Action Drug Effects Drug Response Curves

Question 33

The initial INTERACTION of the drug with its receptor/target molecule

Answer 33

Drug Action

Question 34

Physiological Effects that result from the binding of the drug with its receptor.

Answer 34

Drug Effects

Question 35

Efficacy of the drug at different DOSES.

Answer 35

Drug Response Curves

Question 36

Used to designate a quantitative statement of the selectivity of the drug when a therapeutic and an untoward effect are being compared.

Answer 36

Therapeutic Index TD50 ____ ED50

Question 37

Has therapeutic effects at a dose that is unlikely to cause toxic effects

Answer 37

Wide therapeutic index

Question 38

Has therapeutic effects at a dose that is close to the toxic dose

Answer 38

Narrow therapeutic Index

Question 39

Unwanted effects that occur when the drug is used within its normal dosage range

Answer 39

Side Effect

Question 40

Potentially dangerous effect that occur at doses higher than the normal therapeutic range

Answer 40

Toxic effect

Question 41

The ability to cause developmental defects in the fetus

Answer 41

Teratogenicity

Question 42

The ability to cause toxic effects in the fetus

Answer 42

Fetotoxicity

Question 43

Patient Factors Influencing Risk of Adverse Reactions

Answer 43

``` Body Weight Age and Sex Allergy Route of Administration Time of Administration ```

Question 44

The science and art of using drugs in the treatment of disease

Answer 44

Pharmacotherapeutics