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Pharmacology Semester 1 > Basic Pharmacology > Flashcards

Basic Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacognosy

A

study of the biological, biochemical features of drugs of plant and animal origins

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2
Q

Pharmacology

A

study of drugs and their interactions with living systems, incl. chemical and physical properties, toxicology, and therapeutics

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3
Q

Drug

A

substance that is used to diagnose, treat, cure, prevent, and mitigate disease in humans or other animals

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4
Q

Enteral drug

A

administered orally

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5
Q

Parenteral drug

A

administered intjection or infusion

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6
Q

OTC drug

A

obtained without a prescription

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7
Q

Legend drug

A

needs a prescription

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8
Q

Dosage form

A

formulation of a medication

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9
Q

Drug delivery system

A

releases a specific amount of a drug

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10
Q

Controlled substance

A

potential for abuse and misuse

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11
Q

Pharmacotherapy

A

use of drugs for the treatment of disease

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12
Q

Dosing schedule

A

frequency that the drug is administered

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13
Q

Biopharmaceuticals

A

drugs that are produced by the process of bioengineering involving recombinant DNA technology

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14
Q

Toxicology

A

study of poisons

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15
Q

Bioavailability

A

describes the extent to which a drug reaches the site of action and is available to produce its effects

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16
Q

Homeopathic medicines

A

drugs administered in minute quantities and that stimulate natural body healing systems

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17
Q

Dose

A

amount for just ONE application or administration

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18
Q

Diffusion

A

passive movement of molecules across cell membranes from an area of high to low drug concentrations

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19
Q

Enzyme

A

a molecule that can speed up chemical reactions

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20
Q

Metabolite

A

product of metabolism, maybe an inactivated drug or an active drug with equal or greater activity than the parent drug

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21
Q

Half-life

A

length of time it takes for the plasma concentration of an administered drug to reduce down by half

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22
Q

Ionization

A

chemical process involving release of a proton

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23
Q

lipophillic

A

lipid loving molecules

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24
Q

hydrophobic

A

water-hating molecules

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25
Q

electrolytes

A

small charged molecules involved with homeostasis

26
Q

hydrophillic

A

water-loving molecule

27
Q

prodrug

A

drug administered in its inactive form and is metabolized into its active form in the body

28
Q

Metabolism

A

drug undergoes biotransformation

29
Q

biotransformation

A

drug is converted to more active, equally active, or inactive metabolite

30
Q

Absorption

A

process involving movement of drug molecules from the site of administration into the circulatory system

31
Q

First-pass effect

A

process whereby the liver metabolizes nearly all of a drug before it passes into the general circulation

32
Q

Peak effect

A

maximum effect of a drug once it reaches its maximum concentration in the body

33
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

science dealing with the dynamic process a drug undergoes to produces its therapeutic effect (ADME)

34
Q

Lipid

A

fatlike substance

35
Q

Distribution

A

process of movement of a drug from the circulatory system across barrier membranes to the site of drug action

36
Q

Duration of action

A

time between the onset and discontinuation of drug action

37
Q

bioequivalent drug

A

shows no statistical differences in the rate and extent of absorption when it is administered in the same strength, dosage form, and route of administration of the brand drug

38
Q

Therapeutic alternative

A

contains different active ingredients than the brand name drug yet produces the same desired therapeutic outcome

39
Q

Pharmaceutical equivalent

A

identical amount of active ingredients as the brand name drug but may have different inactive ingredients or be manufactured in a different dosage form

40
Q

Pharmaceutical alternative

A

Contains the same active ingredient as the brand name drug but the strength and dosage form may be different

41
Q

Elimination

A

process of drug removal from the body

42
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

study of drugs and their actions on a living organism

43
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

unexpected drug reaction

44
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics

A

study of factors that influence the patient response to drugs

45
Q

Therapeutic Index

A

ratio of effective dose to the lethal dose

46
Q

Efficacy

A

measure of drug’s effectiveness

47
Q

Potency

A

effective dose concentratino

48
Q

Affinity

A

attraction that the receptor site has to the drug

49
Q

mechanism of action

A

manner in which a drug produces its therapeutic effect

50
Q

inverse agonist

A

the drug can turn off an activated receptor and turn on a receptor that is not currently activated

51
Q

agonist

A

drug that binds to its receptor site and stimulates a cellular response

51
Q

antagonist

A

binding drug that does not produce action

52
Q

noncompetitive antagonist

A

drug that binds to alternative receptor site that prevents binding of an agonist

53
Q

Partial agonist

A

behaves as an agonist under some conditions and acts as an antagonist under other conditions

54
Q

bacteriostatic

A

antibiotic helps immune system attack certain stages of the bacteria’s life cycle

54
Q

receptor site

A

location of drug-cell binding

55
Q

bactericidal

A

antibiotic kills bacteria

56
Q

broad spectrum

A

treats multiple bacterias

57
Q

narrow spectrum

A

treats very few bacteria

57
Q

2nd gen antihistamines

A

don’t cause drowsiness

57
Q

1st gen antihistamines

A

cause drowsiness

Pharmacology Semester 1 (9 decks)

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