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18B Weapons Course > Basic Operation of Small Arms > Flashcards

Basic Operation of Small Arms Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the 8 Operating Systems

A 
Bolt action
Blowback
Delayed blowback
Recoil
Recoil w/ gas assist
Gas operation (blast, tappet, direct)
Manual pump
Revolving cylinder
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2
Q

Describe BOLT ACTION

A

:: operating system ::

Operator manually retracts the bolt to eject spent cartridge & chamber a new round by pushing bolt forward

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3
Q

Describe BLOWBACK

A

:: operating system ::

works by pressure from fired cartridge. Blow back operated weapons have NO locking system;

which means pressure from exploding round blows the cartridge case backwards, forcing bolt to the rear and the cartridge out of the weapon. New round is chambered when the bolt moves forward

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4
Q

Describe DELAYED BLOWBACK

A

:: operating system ::

these weapons have a locking system, which means there is a delay long enough for the round and excess gas to leave the muzzle before the bolt is fully unlocked

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5
Q

Describe RECOIL

A

:: operating system ::

works by the pressure from the fired round. The breech is locked so that when the round is fired, the barrel moves to the rear with the breech block or bolt in place. The breech block remains to the rear while the barrel is forced forward by the spring. After the barrel is fully forward the breech block is released, moving forward to chamber another round.

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6
Q

Describe RECOIL W/GAS ASSIST

A

:: operating system ::

operates with a recoil booster attached to muzzle end of the weapon to trap gas, which aids in moving the barrel to the rear.

Internal piston taps on barrel to assist unlocking; increasing the fire rate & reliability.

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7
Q

Describe GAS OPERATED

A

:: operating system ::

Gas pressure within the barrel is tapped by a gas port inside the barrel, using the energy to force the operating parts to the rear.

3 sub-categories ( gas blast / gas tappet / gas direct )

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8
Q

Describe GAS OP. (GAS BLAST)

A

:: op. system sub category ::

Goes down the gas port into the gas cylinder & makes contact with GAS PISTON DIRECTLY ATTACHED TO THE OPERATING ROD OR SLIDE.

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9
Q

Describe GAS OP. (GAS TAPPET)

A

:: op. system sub category ::

Gas goes down the gas cylinder & makes contact with the gas piston that makes contact with the operating rod or slide. GAS PISTON & OPERATING ROD OR SLIDE ARE SEPARATE.

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10
Q

Describe GAS OP. (GAS DIRECT)

A

:: op. system sub category ::

Gas goes out of the gas port into the gas tube and carried DIRECTLY TO THE BOLT OR BOLT CARRIER VIA THE GAS KEY.

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11
Q

Describe MANUAL PUMP

A

:: operating system ::

Operator is required to pull the slide to the rear, extracting the fired round, and to push the slide forward to chamber a new one.

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12
Q

Describe REVOLVING CYLINDER

A

:: operating system ::

Each round is fired when the trigger is pulled. The cylinder rotates aligning on the next chamber with the barrel so that the next round can be fired.

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13
Q

5 types of firing

A 
Single Action (SA)
Double Action (DA)
Semi-Automatic (Semi-only)
Automatic (auto-only)
Selective Fire (Sel-fire)
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14
Q

Single Action (SA) description

A

Only fires when it has been MANUALLY COCKED

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15
Q

Double Action (DA) description

A

Trigger bar will cock weapon when the trigger is pulled & the sear will release hammer when trigger reaches max rearward movement.

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16
Q

Semi-Automatic (Semi-only) description

A

Will fire ONLY ONE ROUND PER PULL OF THE TRIGGER

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17
Q

Automatic (Auto-only) description

A

Continues to fire UNTIL THE TRIGGER IS RELEASED or ALL AMMO IS EXPENDED

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18
Q

Selective Fire (Sel-fire) description

A

Semi-auto, burst, or auto

“burst” - set number of rounds per squeeze of trigger

i.e. (2) (3) (4) etc.

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19
Q

5 types of cartridges

A 
RIMMED
SEMI-RIMMED
RIMLESS
BELTED
REBATED
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20
Q

Describe RIMMED cartridge

A

a cartridge which has a HEAD LARGER IN DIAMETER THAN THE BODY, forming a rim or a flange

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21
Q

Describe SEMI-RIMMED cartridge

A

a cartridge that has a HEAD ONLY SLIGHTLY LARGER IN DIAMETER THEN THE BODY, with a shallow groove machined around the circumference of the body forward of the head to provide an extractor gripping surface

22
Q

Describe RIMLESS cartridge

A

a cartridge that has a HEAD THE SAME DIAMETER AS THE BODY, with a groove machined around the circumference of the body forward of the head to provide an extractor gripping surface

23
Q

Describe BELTED cartridge

A

a cartridge of the RIMLESS TYPE which has a thick BAND OR BELT AROUND THE BODY just forward of the extractor groove to PROVIDE GREATER STRENGTH IN THE PORTION OF THE CASE

24
Q

Describe REBATED cartridge

A

a cartridge that has a BASE SMALLER THEN THE CASE

25
Q

Identify the Locking Systems (8)

A 
ROTATING BOLT
RISING/LOWERING BOLT
ROLLER
RISING BARREL
LOCKING FLAPS
LOCKING BLOCK
SWINGING BOLT
ROTATING BARREL
26
Q

Describe ROTATING BOLT

A

:: locking system ::

Bolt rotates left or right to lock behind the breech

27
Q

Describe RISING / LOWERING BOLT

A

:: locking system::

Rear of the bolt rises or lowers into a locking recess of the receiver

28
Q

Describe ROLLER

A

:: locking system ::

Rollers push out of the left and right sides of the bolt to lock into the breech

29
Q

Describe RISING BARREL

A

:: locking system ::

Barrel rises up into the slide to lock the barrel and slide together

30
Q

Describe LOCKING FLAPS

A

:: locking system ::

Loose plates located on the bolt swing out locking to the recesses in the receiver

31
Q

Describe SWINGING BOLT

A

:: locking system ::

Rear of the bolt swings out of line with the bore into a locking recess

32
Q

Describe LOCKING BLOCK

A

:: locking system ::

A cam pivots up into a locking recess

33
Q

Describe ROTATING BARREL

A

:: locking system ::

Barrel rotates to lock into position

34
Q

Identify Feeding Mechanism types

A

MAGAZINES
BELTS
CLIPS

35
Q

Describe a MAGAZINE & what are the types

A

Metal or plastic boxes that feed by spring tension

TYPES -
BOX - DRUM - PAN

36
Q

Describe the types of BOX magazines

A

STAGGERED - rounds that are staggered side by side in a magazine

IN-LINE BOX - rounds are one on top of the other in the magazine

37
Q

Describe a DRUM magazine

A

Circular in shape, usually has multiple rows or cartridges. May be attached to the top or bottom of the weapon

38
Q

Describe PAN magazine

A

Usually loads from the top

39
Q

Describe BELTs

A

used in machine guns because of their tactical role and high rate of fire

40
Q

Describe BELT configurations and their abbreviations

A

SPLIT LINK (SL)- does NOT completely encase the cartridge
FULLY ENCASED (FE) LINK - completely surrounds the cartridge (360 around case)
NON-DISINTEGRATING (ND) LINK BELT - belts that do NOT come apart as each cartridge is withdrawn
DISINTEGRATING (D) LINK BELT - comes apart as each round is withdrawn
SLND - SLD - FEND - FED

41
Q

Describe a CLIP and their types

A

a device used to rapidly load a magazine or weapon

EN-BLOC clip
STRIPPER clip

42
Q

What are the 5 varieties of firing pins

A 
Free Floating
Inertia
Percussion
Striker
Fixed
43
Q

Describe how firing pins receive their energy

way energy received / type of firing pin

A

LARGER MASS STRIKES THEM
-Free Floating

SPRINGS PROVIDE THEIR ENERGY
-Inertia - Percussion - Striker-

OWN MASS PROVIDES ENERGY
-Fixed

44
Q

Describe FREE-FLOATING firing pin

A

LARGER MASS STRIKES the firing pin, LONGER THAN ITS CARRIER; NO SPRING IS USED on either forward or rearward movement of the firing pin

i.e. M1 Garand, M14, M16, AK rifle, RPK, SVD

45
Q

Describe INERTIA firing pin

A

FORWARD ENERGY IS CREATED WHEN THE HAMMER STRIKES the firing pin. As pin moves forward, the SPRING COMPRESSES CREATING THE ENERGY NEEDED TO RESET the firing pin

i.e. M1911-A1, USP, BHP

46
Q

Describe PERCUSSION firing pin

A

firing pin is DRIVEN FORWARD BY THE FORCE OF A COMPRESSED SPRING and is RETRACTED BY A CAM ACTION that cocks the weapon

i.e. M60, M2HB

47
Q

Describe STRIKER firing pin

A

pin which is carried inside the bolt and receives its FORWARD MOMENTUM FROM ITS OWN SPRING, WHEN ACTIVATED BY THE TRIGGER, not struck by hammer

(squeeze cocking system is what compresses the firing pin spring) i.e. P7

48
Q

Describe FIXED firing pin

A

its OWN MASS PROVIDES THE ENERGY, a PROTRUSION MACHINED INTO THE FACE OF THE BOLT/BREECH which punctures the primer when the bolt has fully chambered the cartridge.

found in most blow back operated sub machine guns i.e. UZI

49
Q

Describe a Primer and what are the 2 types

A

the small charge that is detonated by the firing pin, which in turn ignites the powder or propelling charge in the cartridge
BOXER - BURDAN

50
Q

Describe BOXER & BURDAN primers

A

BOXER - RE LOADABLE - one flash hole, ignition system has anvil & flash powder built in

BURDAN - NON-RE LOADABLE - two flash holes, contains only flash powder, anvil is part of cartridge case

51
Q

What are the 8 steps in the CYCLE OF OPERATION

A 
FEEDING
CHAMBERING
LOCKING**
FIRING
UNLOCKING**
EXTRACTING
EJECTING
COCKING

** not all weapons have these steps

18B Weapons Course (2 decks)

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