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18B Light Side > Basic Operation of Small Arms > Flashcards

Basic Operation of Small Arms Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Firing (5)

A 
Single Action
Double Action
Semi-Automatic
Automatic
Selective Fire
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2
Q

Trigger Bar

A

A connecting bar operating between the trigger and the sear. Nothing more than an extension of the trigger.

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3
Q

Trigger

A

A finger actuated lever used to activate the firing mechanism firing the weapon.

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4
Q

Stock

A

The part or parts attached to the receiver of a weapon that makes it possible for the firer to hold aim and fire.

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5
Q

Sear

A

A component retained under spring tension that releases , by means of a trigger, either a firing pins, hammer, or bolt.

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6
Q

Safety

A

A mechanism incorporated into the action of a weapon that by mechanical or manual manipulation prevents the weapon from being fired.

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7
Q

Rifling

A

A series of spiral grooves in the bore of a barrel which imparts a spinning motion in the bullet as it travels the length of the barrel from breech to muzzle.

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8
Q

Recoil Spring Guide

A

A guide rod surrounded by the recoil spring that keeps the spring from buckling and twisting while it is being compressed by the movement of the recoiling parts. In some weapons the guide may be a hollow tube with the recoiling spring riding inside.

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9
Q

Recoil Spring

A

A spring that is compressed by the action of certain recoiling parts, upon expansion forces these parts forward to close and lock the action. Often called Operating Spring.

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10
Q

Recoil Mechanism

A

Parts designed to absorb the energy of recoil gradually to avoid violent movement of the weapon during firing.

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11
Q

Recoil

A

The rearward movement of a weapon caused by the expansion of powder gases which act to thrust the projectile forward in the barrel and react to move the weapon rearward.

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12
Q

Rate of Fire

A

The number of rounds a given weapon can fire in one minute, normally given in rounds per minute. RPM

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13
Q

Sustained Rate of Fire is the Gunner’s

A

Normal rate of fire

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14
Q

Rapid Rate of Fire is the Gunner’s

A

Rate of fire when trying to gain fire superiority.

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15
Q

Cyclic Rate of Fire is the Gunnner’s

A

rate of fire during combat emergencies; the maximum number of rounds an automatic weapon can fire in one minute.

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16
Q

Primer

A

The small charge that s detonated by the firing pin, which in turn ignites the powder or propelling the charge in the cartridge.

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17
Q

Residual Pressure

A

The pressure remaining in the chamber after the bullet has left the muzzle.

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18
Q

Chamber Pressure

A

The pressure generated in the chamber when the cartridge is fired.

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19
Q

Pressure

A

The thrust of powder gases expanding in the barrel recorded on pounds per square inch (PSI).

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20
Q

Pitch

A

The angle at which the rifling is cut in relation to the axis of the bore. It is expressed as the length of the bore required for one complete turn or spiral.
Ex.- one turn in 7 inches

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21
Q

Operating Rod

A

In gas operating weapons, the rod which connects the gas piston to the other components. When the rod is moved by force of gas against the face of the piston it causes the action to unlock and open.

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22
Q

Operating Handle

A

A handle or projection attached to the operating rod, slide, or bolt that can be grasped to manually open or close the action.

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23
Q

Neck

A

The forward portion of the bottleneck cartridge case that is smaller in diameter than the body of the case.

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24
Q

Muzzle Velocity

A

The computed velocity in feet per second, (FPS) at which the bullet leaves the barrel

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25
Q

Muzzle Flash

A

The incandescent flash in the air at the muzzle of the weapon which occurs when the bullet leaves the barrel. This flash is caused by the expansion of the emerging powder gases, ignition of oxygen in the air and expulsion of burning powder grains.

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26
Q

Muzzle Brake

A

A device at the muzzle end of the weapon which deflects the emerging powder gases. The energy imparted by this deflection pulls the weapon forward to offset some of the rearward motion of recoil.

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27
Q

Misfire

A

Failure of the primer to function after it has been struck by the firing pin.

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28
Q

Mechanical Safety

A

An arrangement of components within the action which prevents the weapon form being fired until the action is fully closed and locked.

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29
Q

Magazine Catch/Release

A

A component designed to engage the magazine, after the magazine has been inserted into the weapon to prevent it form falling out. Usually spring loaded, the catch/release must be pressed manually in order to disengage the magazine from the weapon when removing.

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30
Q

Magazine

A

The operating assembly in which ammunition is stored. and feeds ammunition one round at a time into position so that closing of the action causes the top round to be fed into the chamber.

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31
Q

Locking Lugs

A

Carefully machined protuberances on the bolt that engage recesses in a non-moving component in the receiver to assist in securely sealing the breech during the initial moment of firing.

32
Q

Lands

A

The raised portion between the grooves in the bore of a gun that impart the spinning motion to the bullet.

33
Q

Hold Open Device

A

A component in a weapon designed to hold the bolt to the rear when the ammunition supply has been exhausted.

34
Q

Headspace

A

The distance from the breechblock to the part of the chamber that stops the forward movement of the cartridge case.

35
Q

Hangfire

A

A delay in the ignition of the powder charge, unpredictable and dangerous

36
Q

Hammer

A

The component of the firing mechanism that imparts a sharp blow to the firing pin to initiate the primer.

37
Q

Grooves

A

The portion of the rifling in a barrel that in conjunction with the land impart the spinning to the bullet.

38
Q

Gas Port

A

In gas operated weapons, a hole is machined in the barrel wall through which gas travels into the gas cylinder.

39
Q

Gas Piston

A

A piston or rod carried on the forward end of a major recoiling component in a gas operated weapon. The front end of the piston is enclosed in the gas cylinder. Gas entering the cylinder from the barrel strikes the face of the piston driving it rearward.

40
Q

Gas Cylinder

A

In a gas operated weapon, an expansion chamber in which the gas piston rides. As the weapon fires, gas enters the gas cylinder from the gas port in the barrel where it impinges against the face of the gas piston to drive the piston rearward.

41
Q

Follower

A

The platform in the top of the magazine that the last round rests upon, the follower transmits the thrust of the magazine spring to the ammunition in the magazine so that the top round is properly positioned for feeding into the chamber.

42
Q

Flash Suppressor

A

A three of four pronged device attached to the muzzle of a weapon designed to cool the hot gas as it leaves the muzzle behind the round, cooling the gases reduced the flash.

43
Q

Firing Pin

A

The part of the firing mechanism that strikes or contacts the primer of the cartridge to cause ignition to fire the weapon.

44
Q

Firing Mechanism

A

The subassemblies in a weapon that operate to function the primer of the cartridge. Consist generally of the trigger, sear, hammer, and firing pin.

45
Q

Feed Lever

A

A major part of the feeding mechanism that transmits the recoiling and counter-recoiling motion of the bolt into transverse motion of the feed pawl.

46
Q

Feed Pawl

A

A hinged component of the feed mechanism designed for limited movement in one direction. this pawl acting through a lever engages succeeding cartridges in the feeding system and draws the cartridge into position for chambering.

47
Q

Feed Ramp

A

A ramp machined in the receiver, breech end of the barrel, or other components in this region of the action that direct the cartridges into the chamber.

48
Q

Feed Guides

A

Guide surfaces machined into the top of the magazine well or lips formed at the mouth of a magazine that guide the cartridges into the chamber.

49
Q

Extractor

A

A component that engages the rim, or extractor groove of the cartridge case while the cartridge is still in the chamber. After firing the extractor withdraws the case from the chamber when the action opens.

50
Q

Ejector

A

A cam or projection inside the receiver against which the cartridge case strikes and is thrown clear of the mechanism after it has been drawn from the chamber by the extractor.

51
Q

Disconnector

A

A device incorporated into the action of a weapon which prevents the firing of more than one shot for one pull of the trigger or which prevents the weapon from being fired until the action is fully closed.

52
Q

Cooling Flanges

A

Rings, ribs, ridges or flanges, machined into the exterior surface of the barrel circumference. This exposes most of the barrel metal to the air and in effect causes the barrel to cool more rapidly than of the surface were smooth.

53
Q

Compensator

A

A device attached to the muzzle of a weapon designed to allow the gases following the bullet out of the muzzle to be deflected upward through the slots in the top surface of the compensator.
*abridged

54
Q

Cocking

A

The action of positioning the hammer, or the firing pin, so that the spring which imparts motion to these parts is compressed. The hammer or firing pin is held in position by engagement by a component, usually a sear, the hammer or firing pin, under impulse of the compressed spring, moves to strike the primer of the cartridge.

55
Q

Charging

A

The action of operating the bolt to ready the weapon for firing

56
Q

Change Lever (Select Lever)

A

A component on the exterior surface of the weapon connected to the fire control mechanism within the weapon. When activated it changes be type of fire from semi-auto to auto, or a manual non fire safe position.

57
Q

Chamber

A

The unrifled portion of the bore at the rear end of the barrel that receives and supports the cartridge when the breech is closed. The chamber aligns the bullet with the bore and the primer with the firing pin.

58
Q

Cannelure

A

An infected ring or groove around a bullet into which the cartridge case is roll crimped to keep the bullet firmly attached to the case.

59
Q

Caliber

A

The distance across the bore of the weapon, measured from land to land expresses in hundredths of an inch. Ex.- .30cal = thirty hundredth of an inch.

60
Q

Bushing

A

A detachable metal lining, commonly used around certain parts to provide a better fit than can be accomplished by direct machining.

61
Q

Buffer

A

A part intended to absorb the shock of moving parts or check the motion of major components during recoil and or counter-recoil.

62
Q

Breechblock

A

A component that seals the breech and blocks gases from the fired cartridge. (Bolts in rifles, slides in pistols)

63
Q

Breech

A

The outside rear face of the barrel which meets the face of the bolt or breechblock.

64
Q

Bolt Handle

A

A handle or projection attached to the bolt that can be grasped in order to manually open or close the bolt.

65
Q

Bolt Carrier

A

A component of the firing mechanism that carries the bolt and which usually contains grooves, cams, or lugs that assist in locking the bolt in the forward portion during firing. Manila unlocking of the bolt is often accomplished by moving the bolt carrier through and attached handle.

66
Q

Bolt

A

A major component whose major function is to support the the base of the cartridge and seal the chamber when the cartridge is fired, the bolt may contain other sub assemblies such as the firing pin, locking lugs, extractor and ejector. The bolt generally moves forward and backward in the receiver in a motion longitudinal to the axis of the bore.
*abridged

67
Q

Barrel

A

The portion of a weapon through which the projectile is propelled by action of the gases generated by the burning propellant charge.

68
Q

Battle Sight

A

The range that allows you to hit the target between the throats and waist without sight adjustment. Exact range varies with caliber of weapon.

69
Q

Ballistics

A

The science and study of the motion and impact of projectiles.

70
Q

Internal Ballistics

A

The science of projectile motion with a firearm. It is most simply all that happens within a firearm from the instant the primer ignites until the bullet leaves the barrel.

71
Q

External ballistics

A

Concerns the path of the bullet from the muzzle to the target

72
Q

Terminal ballistics

A

Concerns what happens to the bullet after it hits the target and what the bullet actually does to the target upon impact.

73
Q

Semi-automatic (autoloading)

A

A weapon in which the first round is manually positioned in the chamber, or to be chambered. After the first round is fired, the casing is extracted and ejected and a new round is chambered, leaving the hammer or firing assembly in the cocked position for the next round. The trigger must be released after each shot and pressure reapplied to fire the next round.

74
Q

Automatic

A

A weapon in which the first round is manually positioned in the chamber, or to be chambered. After the first round is fired, the casing is extracted and ejected and a new round is chambered and fired. The action is continued until the trigger is released or the ammunition is expended.

75
Q

Accelerator

A

A device that operates during the rearward movement of the recoiling parts to increase the speed at which certain parts move.

18B Light Side (1 decks)

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