Basic Nutrition concepts Flashcards
What does nutrition study the science behind?
- nutrients and substances that we ingest in food
- their actions, interaction and balance in relation to health and disease (how tissues use them)
- the process by which an organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, utilizes and excretes food substance
A futuristic look on nutrition
- looks at understanding the effects of over-nutrition
- understand the optimal levels of nutrients required for health and well-being
- people respond differently to the same thing - need for precision/personalized nutrition
What is an essential nutrient?
- a chemical that is required for metabolism that cannot be synthesized by our bodies or cannot be synthesized rapidly enough to meet the needs for one or more of our physiological functions
How can you determine of a nutrient is essential in our diet?
- removing the nutrient causes a deficiency and decline in health
- putting the nutrient back into the diet corrects the problem and health returns
What is a nutritional deficiency
- when a persons nutrient intake consistantly falls below the recommended requirement (not just for a day of 2)
Iron / Folate / Vitamin B12 deficiency
leads to anemia
- not enough red blood cells to transport oxygen around the body
- important at key stages of development (pregnancy and infancy)
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency
leads to Beriberi
- defective energy production
- abnormalities in the nervous system
Vitamin C deficiency
leads to scurvy
- defective collagen production
- causes haemorrhaging, bleeding of gums, etc.
Vitamin D deficiency
leads to rickets
- vitamin D is obtained from the diet and made in the body via UV radiation (sunlight)
- defective bone growth
What is the difference between nutrient deficiency and requirment
Deficiency: understand to prevention of disease
Requirement: understand to ensure optimal health
First approach at understanding nutritional requirements: WWI
- Stems from WWI and food rations - important for soldiers to function well on the battlefield
- limitations with the first recommendations included cost, gender (neglect female), age, physical activity, body size
Nutritional requirements: Daily values
- a simplified way for the government to provide consumers with info about the daily requirement for each nutrient
- based on a 2000-calorie-a-day diet
- only provide a guide for the general population, need tweaking based on the individual
Dietary reference intakes (DRIs)
- used to make daily values
- an umbrella term that refers to a set of values for nutrients (EAR, RDA, AI and UL)
Recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for different substances
Fat: women and men = 44-78g/day
Carbohydrate: men and women = 130g/day
Protein: men = 56g/day, women = 46g/day
Estimated average requirement (EAR)
- nutrient requirements meet the needs of 50% of the population (median)
EAR = RDA - 2SD