Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ruminant Nutrition > Basic Nutrition > Flashcards

Basic Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What does a high blood / milk urea suggest?

A

Insufficient FME in diet / excess ERDP (effective rumen degradable protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does soya provide in the diet?

A

Undegradable protein

High biological value, digested in the abomasum but expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What % protein does a dairy cow require in her diet?

A

16% if milk yield is less than 8000L

18% if milk yield is over 8000L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When does silage have the highest protein and energy?

A

Spring = first cut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What determines the production of ME from FME?

A

Rumen health

In SARA the amount of ME yielded from the same foodstuffs will be reduced compared to a healthy rumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are long chain carbohydrates and what do they provide in the diet?

A

Cellulose, hemicellulose

Provide fibre - slowly fermented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are short chain carbohydrates and what do they provide in the diet?

A

Starches and sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What two in food factors determine whether a cow meets her energy requirement?

A

Dry matter intake

Energy density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the dry matter intakes of dairy cows at different points in the production cycle, in percentage of body weight?

A

Maintenance = 2 - 2.5% - 14kg for a 700kg cow
30L per day = 3% - 21kg
50L per day = 4% - 28kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a 700kg cow’s dry matter intake at the different stages of gestation?

A

Start of dry period - 12-14kg
Last 3 weeks - 11-12kg
Last few days - 8-10kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the maintenance energy requirement of a cow?

A

65-70 MJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the production requirement for milk?

A

5 MJ per L of milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How much energy does weight loss mobilise?

A

30 MJ per kg of body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What multiple of maintenance is required for each stage of production?

A

End of gestation = 2x maintenance
Low yielding lactation = 3x maintenance
High yielding lactation = 5.6 x maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What should you ensure to reduce the risk of SARA?

A

Low energy density diet

Good forage : concentrate ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

At what time is a cow most at risk of entering NEB?

A

The first few weeks post partum

Massive energy demand for milk and reduced dmi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What target condition score loss is acceptable post calving?

A

0.5 - 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What dry matter intake should you aim for at peak milk yield?

A

4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What dry matter intake should a cow be eating in the dry period?

A

12 - 14 kg

20
Q

What dry matter intake in the dry period should you be concerned about?

A

Less than 11kg

21
Q

What energy density should you have in a dry cow diet?

A

8-8.5 MJ ME/kg DM

22
Q

What energy density should you have in a lactating cow diet?

A

11.5 - 12.3 MJ ME/kg DM

23
Q

What is the maintenance energy of a cow in the early drying off period?

A

65 + 20 = 85

24
Q

What is the maintenance of a cow at dry off?

A

65 + 30 = 95

Feed 4-5kg straw to ensure low energy but high fibre

25
Q

What is the maintenance of a cow during the transition period?

A

110-130 MJ per day
MD - 9.5-10
CP 13-15%

26
Q

Useful equation for working out maintenance during lactation

A

2.5% bwt + (0.1 x yield)

27
Q

What is the maximum acceptable forage to concentrate ratio?

A

40 : 60

Best to be 60:40

28
Q

What is the maximum amount of cake to be fed at a time?

A

2kg

29
Q

What barrier space should you allow a cow?

A

90 cm/cow

30
Q

What size should a cubicle be?

A

4ft per cow

31
Q

What is he BCS target at drying off?

A

2.5 - 3

32
Q

What is the BCS target at calving / close to calving?

A

2.5 - 3

33
Q

What is the BCS target during peak lactation (6-8 weeks) post calving?

A

2.5 - 3

34
Q

What is the BCS target at mid to late lactation?

A

2-3

35
Q

What things should you look for when assessing dry cow management?

A

BCS - aim 2.5-3, shouldn’t have lost more than 0.5
Beta hydroxybutyrate - ketosis in 7-10d post calved
Non essential fatty acids - indicates fat mobilisation in cows 2-3 weeks into the dry period
Rumen fill
Faecal consistency
Rumen sampling
Butterfat %
Milk protein
Leftovers / feeding space
Ca / Mg problems
Disease - LDA, RFM, milk fever, cysts, endometritis

36
Q

What is the stocking density for dry cows?

A

1.3 m squared per 1000L of herd yield

37
Q

What calving index should a dairy farmer be aiming for?

A

370-400 days
60 dry period
305-340 day lactation period

38
Q

What kind of diet should you feed in the 1st 5 weeks of the dry period?

A

Low energy, high fibre
DMI - 10-14 kg
Energy density 7.5-8.5
ME - 65+30

39
Q

When should cows be swapped on to a transition diet?

A

Last 3 weeks of the dry period

40
Q

What is the transition period?

A

3 weeks pre calving until 3 weeks post calving

41
Q

What length must straw be chopped to in a dry cow diet?

A

2 inches

42
Q

When is the peak dry matter intake?

A

4-10 weeks post calving at peak milk yield

3-4%

43
Q

How should you dry off a cow?

A

Stop milking
Teat sealant - control environmental mastitis
Intramammary antibiotic - contagious mastitis
Move to dry cow housing and put on a far off dry cow diet

44
Q

When should you move the cow to the calving pen?

A

2nd stage labour

Any earlier than this will stop the cow from calving

45
Q

What is fat mobilisation syndrome in the cow, what are the risk factors?

A

Hepatic lipidosis and bovine type 2 diabetes
Presents as reduced milk yield

Risk factors:
Obesity - a high level of visceral fat (particularly overfeeding in the dry period or during the low yielding period of lactation)
Negative energy balance (dry period, early lactation)

46
Q

When does metabolic disease in dairy cattle most commonly occur?

A

1st 10-12 weeks of lactation

47
Q

What are common conditions that present in the 10-12 weeks immediately post calving?

A 
Milk fever
Retained foetal membranes 
Metritis / endometritis 
Mastitis
Displaced abomasum
Ketosis 
Fertility
Lameness

Ruminant Nutrition (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions