Basic Numbers

Question 1

SQUARE NUMBERS

Answer 1

A square number is derived by multiplying a number by itself ie 7 x 7 = 49

It can also be thought of visually by imagining numbers in a grid, if it can create an equal sided square grid it is a square number.

Question 2

COMPOSITE NUMBERS

Answer 2

These are numbers that are derived from multiplying two smaller numbers e.g 3 x 4 = 12

Composite numbers can also exist visually in a format of a grid with at least two rows and columns ie 12 can be displayed as

                            * *

Question 3

PRIME NUMBERS

Answer 3

Prime numbers are numbers that cannot be created by multiplying two other numbers or arranged evenly in a grid. They occupy the spaces left by composite numbers. All counting numbers are either a composite or prime.

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19,

Question 4

EXPONANTS

Answer 4

Exponants also known as powers are numbers that are generated by multiplying the previous number by itself e.g.

2 x 2 x 2 = 8
2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 16
2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 32

Question 5

NUMBER SETS

Answer 5

These are sets of numbers for use in mathematics they contain different groupings of number types and have a Russian doll type structure with one set nested in another. The key sets are

• Normal / Counting Numbers
• Integers
• Rational Numbers
• Real Numbers

Question 6

COUNTING NUMBERS or NATURAL NUMBERS

Answer 6

This is the basic set of counting numbers from 1 to infinity.

Adding two counting numbers or multiplying two counting numbers always results in another counting number. This means that the natural number set is closed under addition and multiplication

Question 7

INTEGERS

Answer 7

This is the full set of whole numbers that includes -

• Natural Numbers
• 0
• Negative Counting Numbers.

Using this number set we can count positively or negatively to infinity.

Like natural numbers Integers are closed under addition & multiplication. However, subtracting one integer from another results in another integer so they are now closed under subtraction.

Question 8

RATIONAL NUMBERS

Answer 8

This number set consists of the Integer set and adds rational numbers. These are fractions of numbers allowing computation in greater detail.

Like integers they are closed under addition, multiplication and subtraction. However, dividing a rational number by another always results in another rational number so they are now also closed under division.

Question 9

REAL NUMBERS

Answer 9

This set contains all possible numbers on the number line. By adding the small remaining quantity of numbers that are neither integers or rational. These are known as Irrational Numbers.
The best example of these is pi

Question 10

IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

Answer 10

Irrational numbers are the small quantity of numbers that are neither integers or rational.

They can only be approximated as a non repeating decimal - no matter how many decimal points you calculate there are always more and they never become repetitive or fall into any pattern.

The best known irrational number is pi = 3.141592…

Question 11

ROUNDING NUMBERS

Answer 11

When rounding numbers focus on the number you are rounding two and the number to it’s immediate right. If the right hand number is equal to or greater than 5 then round the number up, less than then it’s down. Once complete any numbers to the right are converted to zeros.

27 = 30
273 = 300
2463 = 2000
67354 = 70000