Basic Monitors in Anesthesia Flashcards
The main value of monitoring central venous and right-heart pressures lies in their ability to approximate or trend in conjunction with the ___
A. left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)
B. pulmonary circulation
C. cardiac output
A. left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)
The CVP is equivalent to right atrial pressure and serve as reflection of:
A. right ventricular preload
B. right atrial pressure
C. left ventricular preload
A. right ventricular preload
The CVP is essentially equivalent to right atrial pressure and serves as a reflection of right ventricular preload
Which wave of the CVP is absent in a patient with Atrial Fibrillation?
A. a wave
B. x descent
C. y descent
A. a wave
Based of POCUS, a full stomach is presence of solid contents or a gastric fluid volume of:
A. >1.5mL/kg
B. > 1mL/kg
C. >2.5 mL/kg
A. >1.5mL/kg
In most studies, the presence of solid contents, or gastric fluid volume >1.5 mL/kg, is defined as “full stomach.”
When performing POCUS of the lung, at least how many areas must be scanned for an optimum assessment?
A. at least 3 areas of the lung
B. at least 2 areas of the lung
C. one area from the apex and one area from the base is acceptable
A. at least 3 areas of the lung
Lung ultrasound can be performed with linear, phased array or curvilinear probes, depending on the patient’s body habitus.
At least three areas must be examined in each patient: anteriorly below the clavicle, anterolaterally in fourth to fifth intercostal space, and posterolaterally in the
seventh to ninth intercostal space.
Which of the following is considered an ABSOLUTE contraindication of TEE?
A. Previous radiation therapy to the neck or mediastinum
B. History of upper GI hemorrhage
C. Esophageal varices
D. Active gastric ulceration
E. Gastroesophageal strictures
E. Gastroesophageal strictures
What is the normal PVR:
A. 100–300 dyne-cm-sec−5
B. 50–150 dyne-cm-sec-5
C. 300 - 450 dyne-cm-sec-5
A. 100–300 dyne-cm-sec−5
What is the normal FRC?
A. 2.4L
B. 1.5L
C. 2L
A. 2.4L
Which is the most sensitive test to diagnose an air embolism?
A. TEE
B. TTE
C. CVP
A. TEE
TEE is most sensitive
‘cannon waves’ seen on CVP waves is most likely due to which pathology?
A. Mitral stenosis
B. Tricuspic stenosis
C. Aortic stenosis
B. Tricuspic stenosis
Which of ECG lead provides the highest sensitivity for monitoring of ischemia?
A. Lead II
B. V5
C. Lead I
D. V2
B. V5
Usually, lead II is monitored for inferior wall ischemia and
arrhythmias, and V5 is monitored for anterior wall ischemia. When only one lead can be monitored, a modified V5 lead provides the greatest sensitivity.
