basic medterms ch26: endocrine Flashcards
endocrine diseases
occur when a gland secretes too much or too little hormone
acromegaly
enlarged and distorted extremities and face, especially the jaw; monster-like appearance
hypersecretion
secretion of too much hormone by a gland
hyposecretion
secretion of too little hormone by a gland
Addison’s disease
weakness, weight loss, jaundice, hypoglycemia
cretinism
(in children); slow, physically and mentally
Cushing’s disease
weak, obese, hypertensive, hyperglycemic, moon facies
diabetes mellitus
major disease of the endocrine system. type i (insulin-dependent), in which insulin is not produced, or ii (non-insulin-dependent), not enough insulin is produced or the insulin produced can’t be used by the body. polydipsia (thirst), polyuria, weakness, and fatigue are early symptoms. treatment w diet, oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin
exophthalmic goiter
(Graves’ disease or toxic goiter); swelling of the thyroid gland in neck; tachycardia, weight loss, protruding eyes, diaphoresis, shaking, mental symptoms
goiter
(simple); swollen thyroid caused by lack of iodine in diet
hypoglycemia
an abnormally low blood glucose level. two types: reactive, in response to a meal or drugs; and spontaneous, in the fasting state
myxedema
obesity, sluggishness, dry puffy skin due to mucous accumulations under skin; myx/o means “mucous”
pheochromocytoma
“pheochromo” means “dusky color”; a tumor of the adrenal medulla, producing hypertension, weight loss, personality changes, diaphoresis, tachycardia
Simmonds’ disease
atrophy of the pituitary, causes exhaustion, emaciation, cachexia
tetany
severe muscle and nerve weakness causing spasm, twitching, convulsions, severe arching/spasm of back
thyroid function studies
study done to determine the amount of thyroid hormones: T{sub3}3 and T{sub}4; PBI (protein-bound iodine) and BMR (basal metabolism rate) are older tests; RAIU (radioactive iodine uptake); thyroid scan; ultrasound (echography); needle biopsy
pancreatic function studies
study done to determine the amount of pancreatic hormones: GTT (glucose tolerance test), FBS (fasting blood sugar), PP blood (postprandial, after meal), urinalysis
acidosis
disturbance of acid-base balance; accumulation of acids or excessive loss of bicarbonate (diabetic coma)
anorexia
loss of appetite
cachexia
a state of malnutrition and wasting, emaciation
cataract
clouding of the lens of the eye; surgical extraction is the treatment
convulsions
involuntary muscular contractions
diaphoresis
excessive perspiring
emaciation
wasting; extremely thin condition
gangrene
death of tissue due to inadequate circulation; amputation is the treatment
gestational diabetes
increased maternal insulin produced due to placental hormones
gland
any organ that secretes something; glands that are not “endocrine” are “exocrine” (sweat and salivary glands, for example)
hypophysectomy
excision of pituitary gland, partial usually
insulin
first produced for commercial use in 1923; an antidiabetic hormone made from a combination of beef and pork sources. regular insulin is short-acting. Insulin syringes are special types of syringes with different concentrations (units) of insulin. A portable insulin pump has become available and can be worn by the diabetic; it delivers a constant supply of insulin to the patient
ketosis
accumulation of ketone bodies due to incomplete metabolism of fatty acids (consumption of more fat than can be burned completely by the body; the unburned fats produce an acid chemical substance called ketone); excessive ketone produces a form of acidosis in diabetics (vinegary odor to the breath)
