Basic Mechanisms Of Evolution Flashcards
Change in populations over time
Evolution
Was the first to publish the ideas of how species evolve
Charles Darwin
1859 published on the Origin of Species
Charles Darwin
Darwin developed his idea while sailing on the ……
Beagle
1795 Theory of Geological change
James Hutton
•forces change earth’s surface shape
•changes are slow
•Earth is much olden than thoisand of years
1795 theory of geological change ( James Hutton)
Book: principals of geography
Charles lyell
Geographical can be built up or down
Book: Principals of geography ( Charles lyell )
Theory of evolution
Jean-baptiste lamarck
● tendency toward perfection ( giraffe’s neck )
● use and disuse ( bird’s using forearms)
● Inheritance of acquired traits
Lamarck’s theory of evolution
19th century English economist
Thomas malthus
● If populations grew ( more baby born than die )
- insufficient living space
- food runs out
- Darwin applied this theory to animals
Thomas Malthus
Mechanisms of Evolution
Artificial selection, natural selection, genetic mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, recombination
Is the process by which humans choose individual organisms with certain phenotypic trait values for breeding
Artificial selection
The concept that species with ideal traits will be able to survive the current status of the environment and then reproduce
Natural Selection
Natural selection was proposed by two naturalists :
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace
A heritable trait that aids the survival and reproduction of an organism in its present environment
Adaption
Occurs when there is a disruption in the complementary base pairing of the DNA or alteration within the nucleotide sequences
Genetic mutation
This is a change in the DNA sequence of the gene
Genetic mutation
The collection of genes in a population
Gene pool
The genetic makeup of an individual
Genotype
The traits of an individual
Phenotype
It is defined as a variant form of a gene
Alleles
Basic unit of heredity
Genes
The random manner in which a trait can be favored or lost in a given population
Genetic drift
Is a change in the gene pool of a population due to chance
Genetic drift
Simple effect of change
Genetic drift
The change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance.
Genetic drift
Genetic drift can also be magnified by….
Natural and human-caused events
A few individuals from a population start a new population with a different allele frequency than the original population.
Founder effect
Occurs when a population undergoes an event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing
Population bottle neck
The transport of genes by migrating individuals
Gene flow
Occurs during meiosis when chromosomes exchange genes
Recombination
