Basic mechanism Flashcards
What is neurogenesis
process of new neuron formation
neurogenesis disruption
neurodevelopmental disorders, neurogenesis may be impaired, leading to an insufficient number of neurons in certain brain regions.
Gene that disrupts neurogenesis
Ranbp1 disrupts cortical layer 2 and 3
neuronal migration
During development, neurons migrate from their birthplace to their final destinations in the brain
Abnormal neuronal migration
In some neurodevelopmental disorders, this migration process may be disrupted, leading to misplaced neurons and dysfunctional circuits.
Synaptic dysfunction
In neurodevelopmental disorders, there may be abnormalities in the formation, function, or elimination of synapses.
Genetic factors
In neurodevelopmental disorders, Genes can influence neurodevelopment in a number of ways, such as by regulating the expression of proteins that are essential for neuronal function.
Environmental factors
Environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins or infections during pregnancy, can also play a role in the development of some neurodevelopmental disorders.
Protein misfolding and aggregation
buildup of abnormal protein aggregates in the brain. These aggregates can damage neurons and disrupt normal brain function.
oxidative stress
A condition in which there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body. Free radicals are molecules that can damage cells, including neurons.
Inflammation
body’s natural response to injury or infection. However, chronic inflammation can damage healthy tissue, including brain tissue.
Mitochondrial dysfunction
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells, and they are essential for neuronal function. Mitochondrial dysfunction, which can be caused by genetic or environmental factors
How exercise helps decrease disease
Increase BDNF and increases blood flow to the brain and decreases stress
