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Instrumentation > Basic Measurement And Calibration 03 > Flashcards

Basic Measurement And Calibration 03 Flashcards

1
Q

Mass def:

A

The amount of a substance

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2
Q

Formula for force

A

Force = mass × acceleration

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3
Q

Weight def :

A

Force that attracts a body to earth due to gravity

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4
Q

Value of gravity (2)

A

SI : 9.81 m/s^2
Imperial: 32.2 ft/s^2

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5
Q

Si system unit of force?
Formula?

A

Newton
Force = kg × m/s^2 = N

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6
Q

Force, in N for 5.6kg?

A

F = (m) (gravity)
F= (5.60) × (9.81 m/s^2)
F= 54.9 N

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7
Q

Density formula:

A

P(rho) = mass/vol

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8
Q

Relative density(RD) formula

A

RD = density of substance/density of water

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9
Q

Lbf is?
Means?

A

Pound force
1lb = 4.44824 N

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10
Q

1lbm means,?
Stands for?

A

1 pound mass
1 lb = .453592kg

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11
Q

Formula for pressure

A

P = F/A. pressure = force ÷ area

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12
Q

SI basic unit of pressure:
Is equal to?

A

Pascal
1 pascal = 1 N to 1 sq meter

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13
Q

1 kpa =

A

1000N/ 1 m^2

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14
Q

Master gauges are considered to be _________ because:

A

Secondary standards because they need periodic calibration against more accurate standard

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15
Q

Standard atmospheric pressure

A

101.325 kPa

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16
Q

Convert 14.2psi to kpa

A

14.2 × (101.325 kPa /14.696 psi) = 97.9

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17
Q

Convert 14.2psi to kpa

A

14.2 × (101.325 kPa /14.696 psi) = 97.9

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18
Q
  • Absolute pressure def
  • read by
A

Difference between a perfect vacuum and process pressure
- absolute pressure guage

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19
Q

Gauge pressure def
Read from

A

Difference between the local atmosphere and processes pressure
- pressure gauge

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20
Q

Atmospheric pressure def
Read by

A

Is the pressure due to mass of the air above present location
- a barometer

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21
Q

Vacuume pressure
Read by

A

Lower than local atmospheric
-Can be read down from gauge or up from perfect vacuum

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22
Q

Scalar quantities def:

A

Are a numerical magnitude only, you don’t need to specify direction

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23
Q

Vector quantities def:

A

Involve a magnitude and direction

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24
Q

Displacement def:

A

Quantifies the straight line distance and direction from an objects starting point to its final position

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25
Q

In physics the common way to name a vector is?

A

Use a single letter with an arrow above it

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26
Q

Primary standard def

A

Is an instrument calibrated to the national standard, or standard
Based on a known physical phenomenon

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27
Q

Average speed def

A

Total distance an object travels/ total time it took

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28
Q

Instantaneous speed def:

A

The speed of an object at a given time or instant

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29
Q

Constant ( or uniform) speed def:
Its symbol?

A

Is unchanging speed with no acceleration or deceleration

Symbol is s

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30
Q

If an object travels with constant speed, the constant speed is also

A

The average speed

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31
Q

Difference between average velocity n speed?

A
  • velocity is DISPLACEMENT/ time and has a direction so is avector quality
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32
Q

Speed is a ______ quality

A

Scalar

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33
Q

Def : Average acceleration is ______

A

The difference in velocity/ the time it takes for the difference to occur

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34
Q

Average acceleration formula

A

A = Vr - Vo / t

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35
Q

The standard unit ( formula) for acceleration is

A

M/s^2

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36
Q

If a pressure unit ends in g that indicates

A

It is gage pressure

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37
Q

Measured variable is sometimes called

A

Measurand

38
Q

Measured variable is sometimes called

A

Measurand

39
Q

Lower range value

A

Lowest value a device is adjusted to measure

40
Q

Upper range value

A

The highest value a device is adjusted to measure

41
Q

Lower range limit

A

The lowest value a device is capable of measuring

42
Q

Upper range limit

A

The highest value that a device can be adjusted to measure

43
Q

Span def:

A

The algebraic difference between upper and lower range values

44
Q

Error def:

A

Difference between indication and ideal value of the measured signal
Error = indication- ideal value

45
Q

Accuracy def:

A

The degree of conformity of an indicated value to a recognized ideal or standard value

46
Q

Zero error def:

A

Error when the device is operating at the LRV . Ex shows 10 psi but the input is 0

47
Q

Span error def:

A

Difference between the actual span and ideal span

48
Q

Angularity error def:

A

Increases from LRV to mid and then decreases to URV

49
Q

Dead band error def:

A

Range through which an input signal may be varied when reversing direction without initiating an observable change

50
Q

1 Pascal (Pa) is = _____
1 kPa is _____

A

1 Newton applied to 1 square meter
1000 N to 1 square meter

51
Q

In a link n lever system SAZ is

A

Working toward “pen”
S : span
A : angularity
Z : zero

52
Q

Def hysteresis ( calibration)

A

Same input gives different out put

53
Q

Disadvantages of flapper baffle/ nozzle

A
  • only handle low volume
  • “blast effect” as flapper gets closer
54
Q

What do pilot valves do:

A

Convert mechanical movement to proportional back pressure

55
Q

3 categories of pilot valves

A

1) bleed / non bleed
2) direct acting / reverse
3) single acting / double

56
Q

A direct acting is normally____

A

Open

57
Q

The plug is usually arrow shaped for

A

Non bleed relays

58
Q

3 components of pneumatic relays

A

1) pilot valve
2)pneumatic actuator
3) baffle/nozzle

59
Q

Pneumatic relays are ____ if an increase in nozzle pressure causes an increase in output pressure

A

Direct

60
Q

Are ____ acting if an increase in nozzle pressure causes a decrease in output pressure

A

Reverse

61
Q

In pneumatic relays gain is

A

Amplifcation

62
Q

What is the industry standard for control pressure

A

3 to 15 psig
Or 20 to 100 kpa

63
Q

A moment balance has a _____ and is ____ _____

A

-Fulcrum
- self balncing

64
Q

An angle motion has no ____ and therefore works cause:

A
  • fulcrum
    Focus that oppose,
  • lever changes angle across the nozzle
65
Q

True force balance

A

Input and output meet head on through direct mechanical means. Gain is determined by diaphragm areas

66
Q

Linear motion balance

A

Input moves baffle(flapper)
Output moves nozzle

67
Q

Force balance

A

When components reach equilibrium they are very nearly in original position

68
Q

Control devices that get thier energy from the medium they control are

A

Pressure regulators

69
Q

What are pressure regulators used for

A

Services where output pressure varies from 10 to 20 %
- gas services
- fuel gass for burners
- instrument air

70
Q

Spring force calc

A

Fs ( spring rate × travel distance) /
Fd ( downstream pressure × area of diaphragm)

71
Q

2 kinds of pressure regulators ?

A

1) pressure reducing : fed downstream side, NO
2) back pressure: fed on pressure side and fights spring NC

72
Q

What king of pressure regulator can have output pressure regulated by air supply to top of diaphragm?

A

Remotely adjusted

73
Q

Regulators:
Symbol shows tap arm on right going into valve

A

Internal, pressure reducing

74
Q

Regulators:
Symbol shows tap arm on right going into line

A

External, pressure reducing

75
Q

Regulators:
Symbol shows tap arm to left and into valve

A

Internal, back pressure

76
Q

Regulators
Symbol shows tap arm to left and into process line

A

External , back pressure

77
Q

Verna contracta is

A

The point in a fluid stream where its at its narrowest and therefore highest velocity

78
Q

Chart recorder pen color red

A

Differential pressure

79
Q

Chart recorder pen color blue

A

Static pressure

80
Q

Chart recorder color green

A

Temp

81
Q

Chart recorders use helical bourdon tubes because

A

Greater tip movement ie sensitivity

82
Q

Chart recorder applications

A

Ovens
Hydrostatic testing
Remote non powered gas flow measurement

83
Q

Slope on impulse lines on s chart recorder

A

1” per foot

84
Q

Relative density of water at 4 `C?

A

1.0

85
Q

Ph20 density of water

A

1000kg/m,^3

86
Q

Ph20 density of water ( imperial)

A

62.4 lb/ft

87
Q

A pressure transmitter at the bottom of a tank reads 10psi the relative density is 1.19. What is the height?

A

H = 10psi /(.433 × 1.19) = 19.41 ft
.443 because from ^3 to ^2

88
Q

Def secondary standard

A

Calibrated by a primary standard

89
Q

Def working standard

A

An instrument used to check and calibrate general instruments

90
Q

Def traceability

A

An unbroken chain of comparisons

91
Q

A manometer is considered a _____ standard

A

Primary

92
Q

Pa = Pg + Patm is:

A

Absolute pressure
P Absolute = Pgage + Patmospheric

Instrumentation (6 decks)

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