Basic Mapping Concepts

Question 1

Electroanatomical Mapping

Answer 1

Electro: The system collects electrical signals in localized areas of the heart with catheters.
Anatomical: You use the CARTO® 3 System to create a 3D map of the geometry of the heart and the real-time location of the catheters inside.
Mapping: To “map” means to record and catalog the data in each location, making it possible to refer to a particular location as needed.

Question 2

Magnetic Location Technology

Answer 2

A location technology that identifies the location of a sensor-based catheter within a magnetic field generated by the location pad.

Question 3

Current-Based Technology

Answer 3

A location technology that supplies location data from each electrode connected to the CARTO® 3 System. The location is calculated based on the current frequencies received from six patient patches.

Question 4

Point List

Answer 4

A list of every electroanatomical point that is acquired by the CARTO® 3 Mapping System and its key attributes.

Question 5

Annotation Viewer

Answer 5

Displays real-time ECG and intracardiac electrograms, updating with every heartbeat.

Question 6

Selected Point Viewer

Answer 6

Displays the cycle length (CL), local activation time (LAT), impedance and force associated with a selected point at the top of the viewer. Within the main portion of the viewer, it shows the signal for each body surface and intracardiac catheter channel.

Question 7

Point-by-Point maps

Answer 7

Maps that are built by moving a navigational sensor-based catheter to different points in the heart and acquiring electrical and location data at these points. The areas between the points are interpolated by the CARTO® 3 System to create a map.

Question 8

Fast Anatomical Mapping (FAM)

Answer 8

Allows anatomical maps to be quickly generated by processing a large amount of location data. The map is created by the physician moving a sensor-based navigational catheter around the chamber, and the system applies volumetric data to create a map.

Question 9

Gated Mode

Answer 9

Visualization mode that acquires and displays the catheter location once per heartbeat.

Question 10

Stable Mode

Answer 10

Visualization mode that calculates the catheter location 60 times per second and displays the average location detected during the previous second.

Question 11

End Expiration Phase

Answer 11

Exhalation phase of the respiratory cycle in which the catheter returns to a repeatable position and location.

Question 12

Inter-Patch Communications

Answer 12

Changes in the detected current value between patches, due to the movement of the patches towards and away from each other during inhalation and exhalation, displayed on the CARTO® 3 System as a respiration graph.

Question 13

Fill Threshold

Answer 13

Tells the system how much to interpolate (fill in) between points on a map.

Question 14

Multi-Electrode Mapping (MEM)

Answer 14

A software module that allows for streamlined multi-point mapping from an advanced diagnostic catheter. This module may help reduce the number of required catheter maneuvers to quickly diagnose arrhythmias.

Question 15

Activation Timing

Answer 15

Shows when the electrical signal has reached each localized area of the heart, as compared to a reference that is set as a zero point.

Question 16

Re-Entry Mechanism

Answer 16

Mechanism of an arrhythmia that is described as an electrical impulse going around in a loop or circuit.

Question 17

Atrial Tachycardia

Answer 17

An arrhythmia in which the heart’s electrical impulse comes from an ectopic atrial pacemaker rather than from the SA node.

Question 18

Atrial Flutter

Answer 18

A re-entrant tachycardia in either the right or left atrium.

Question 19

Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia

Answer 19

A fast heartbeat that originates in the ventricles and has no known cause (idiopathic) or evidence of structural heart disease.

Question 20

Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia

Answer 20

Sustained tachycardia originating in the ventricles that is due to structural heart disease and most commonly a result of re-entry involving a region of myocardial scar.

Question 21

Atrial Fibrillation

Answer 21

An arrhythmia of unknown mechanism that causes chaotic, asynchronous electrical activity in the atria and irregular ventricular rhythm.

Question 22

Typical Atrial Flutter

Answer 22

A type of supraventricular tachycardia caused by a macro re-entry circuit in the right atrium, originating around the tricuspid annulus.

Question 23

AVNRT

Answer 23

Atrioventricular Nodal Re-entry Tachycardia. A supraventricular re-entry tachycardia that requires two pathways within the AV node. The impulse travels down one pathway and up the other, activating the ventricle and the atrium simultaneously.

Question 24

Tagging

Answer 24

Cataloging an EA point on the map that has anatomical or electrical significance as a colored ball.

Question 25

Typing

Answer 25

Assigning how a point tag will be displayed on the map.

Question 26

Location Only Tag

Answer 26

A type of point tag that contributes to geometry on the map, but not to colors or EA data on the map.

Question 27

Normal Tag

Answer 27

A type of point tag that contributes to both geometry and EA data (such as timing and voltage) on the map.

Question 28

Floating Tag

Answer 28

A type of point tag that does not contribute to geometry or EA data and appears “floating” on the map.