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BLS > Basic Life Support > Flashcards

Basic Life Support Flashcards

1
Q

Pulse Check in Child

A

(may use carotid pulse like with adults)
Femoral Pulse -
Place 2 fingers in the inner thigh, midway between the hipbone and the pubic bone and just below the crease where the leg meets the torso

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2
Q

Pulse Check in Infant

A

Brachial Pulse -

Place 2-3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, midway between the elbow and the shoulder.

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3
Q

Peds Cardiac Arrest - No breathing/only gasping. No pulse. Witnessed sudden collapse

A
  1. Activate ERS
  2. Get AED/defibrillator
  3. Begin CPR
  4. Use AED ASAP
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4
Q

Peds Cardiac Arrest - No breathing/only gasping. No pulse. Unwitnessed sudden collapse

A
  1. Begin CPR (30:2)
    - (15:2 w/ 2 rescuers)
  2. Activate ERS and get AED if alone after 2 minutes of CPR
  3. Use AED ASAP
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5
Q

Signs of Poor Perfusion

A

Temperature: cool extremities
Altered Mental State: confused or unresponsive
Pulses: weak pulses
Skin: Paleness, mottling, cyanosis

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6
Q

Peds Cardiac Arrest - No breathing. Pulse present.

A

Provide Rescue Breathing

  • Add compressions if pulse remains less than or equal to 60/min w/ signs of poor perfusion
  • Activate ERS after 2 minutes (if not already done)
  • Check pulse every 2 minutes
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7
Q

Pediatric Rescue Breathing

A

1 breath every 3-5 seconds (about 12-20 breaths/minute)

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8
Q

Peds Cardiac Arrest - There is normal breathing and pulse is present

A

Activate ERS and monitor until emergency response arrives

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9
Q

Peds Cardiac Arrest - Initial Steps

A
  1. Verify scene safety
  2. Check for responsiveness
  3. Shout for help
  4. Activate ERS
  5. Check breathing and pulse
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10
Q

Determining factors for which CPR to use

A
  1. Level of training, experience, and confidence
  2. Type of victim
  3. Availability of equipment and other rescuers
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11
Q

How to Check for Responsiveness

A

Tap shoulder and shout “are you okay?”

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12
Q

Using a Pocket Mask

A
  1. Position at victim’s side, place pocket mask on victim’s face using the bridge of the nose as guide.
  2. Seal with index finger and thumb of hand at the victim’s forehead and the thumb of the other hand along the edge of the mask
  3. Use the rest of the bottom fingers to lift the jaw and open the airway.
  4. Press firmly to seal
  5. Deliver 1 breath over 1 second and watch for chest rise
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13
Q

Adult Cardiac Arrest - Initial Steps

A
  1. Verify scene safety (and check the surface that the patient is on)
  2. Check responsiveness
  3. Shout for help
  4. Activate ERS if appropriate
  5. Get AED and tother emergency equipment (or get someone else to do it)
  6. Check breathing and pulse (felt within 10 seconds)
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14
Q

6-Person Team:

Airway Role

A
  1. Opens and maintains airway

2. Provides ventilation

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15
Q

Jaw-Thrust Maneuver

A
  • Used when head tilt-chin lift doesn’t work or when there is suspected head/neck injury.
    1. Place one hand on each side of the victim’s head (may rest elbows on surface)
    2. Place fingers under angles of victim’s lower jaw and lift both hands, which should displace the jaw forward
    3. Keep lower lip open by pushing with thumbs
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16
Q

Head Tilt-Chin Lift Technique

A
  1. One hand on victim’s forehead and push with palm to tilt the head back
  2. Place the fingers of the other hand under the bony part of the lower jaw near the chin
  3. Lift the jaw to bring the chin forward
    * Make sure not to push on the soft tissue under the chin or to close the mouth completely
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17
Q

Multiple Rescuer Roles in CPR

A
  1. Jaw thrust
  2. Breathing w/ bag mask
  3. Chest compressions
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18
Q

6-Person Team:

AED/Monitor/Defibrillator Roles

A
  1. Brings/operates AED
  2. Alternates (5 cycles/2 minutes) during analysis
  3. Place monitor in position visible to team leader
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19
Q

Steps for Operating AED

A
  1. Open carrying case and power on
  2. Attach AED pads to bare chest
    - attach connecting cables to device if not already
  3. Clear and allow AED to analyze rhythm
  4. Shock Needed: loudly state “clear” and everyone clear. Deliver 1 shock. CPR for 2 minutes after shock
    No Shock Needed: immediately resume CPR and allow to reanalyze after 2 minutes
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20
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation

A

Arrest Rhythm

- electrical activity becomes disordered and unsynchronized heart contractions prevents heart from pumping blood

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21
Q

Components of High-Quality CPR

A
  • start compressions within 10 seconds of recognition
  • push hard and fast (100-120/min)
    Adult: 2 in.
    Children: 1/3 depth of chest, about 2 in.
    Infants: 1/3 depth of chest, about 1.5 in.
  • allow complete chest recoil
  • minimize interruptions as much as possible - definitely fewer than 10 seconds.
  • avoid excessive ventilation
  • remove upper clothing if possible to expose chest
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22
Q

Adult Cardiac Arrest - No breathing/only gasping. No pulse.

A
  1. Start CPR (30:2). Use AED ASAP
  2. AED - check rhythm
    Shockable:
  3. Give 1 shock
  4. Resume CPR for 2 minutes
  5. Allow another rhythm check
    Nonshockable:
  6. Resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes
  7. Allow AED to recheck rhythm
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23
Q

Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia

A

ventricles begin contracting at a very fast pace. Blood flow is inefficient. Reduces perfusion and oxygen delivery. No pulse felt.

24
Q

Additional AED Equipment

A
  • scissors
  • razor
  • wipes
  • gloves
  • barrier device (i.e. pocket mask)
25
Q

Signs of Puberty (indicating that adult CPR should be used)

A

Males: chest/underarm hair
Females: breast development

26
Q

Positioning for Adult Chest Compressions

A
  1. At victim’s side, victim lying face up on a flat, firm surface. Maintain line of head, neck, and torso when possible neck injury
  2. Position of hands:
    - heel of hand in center of chest on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum)
    - heel of other hand on top of heel of 1st hand
    - arms straight, shoulders directly over hands.
27
Q

Adult Cardiac Arrest - No breathing. There is a pulse

A
  1. Provide Rescue Breathing
  2. Activate ERS after 2 minutes
  3. Continue rescue breathing and check pulse every 2 minutes
  4. (If possible opioid overdose) deliver naloxone if available per protocol
28
Q

Pediatric Chain of Survival

A
  1. Prevention of Arrest (because usually starts w/ respiratory distress or shock)
  2. Early bystander CPR
  3. Rapid activation of ERS
  4. ALS and transport (rapid stabilization)
  5. Post Cardiac Arrest Care
29
Q

Adult Cardiac Arrest - Normal breathing and normal pulse

A

Monitor until emergency responders arrive

30
Q

AED Maintenance

A
  • battery replacement
  • calibration/testing of energy dose
  • ordering/replacing supplies
    • AED pads
    • Additional equipment
31
Q

6-Person Team:

Compressor Roles

A
  1. Assess the patient
  2. 5 cycles of chest compressions
  3. Alternates w/ AED every 5 cycles/2 minutes
32
Q

ROSC

A

Return of Spontaneous Circulation

33
Q

AED

A

Automated External Defibrillator

- identifies abnormal rhythms and then delivers shock to stop rhythm and allow to restart normally.

34
Q

Adult Rescue Breathing

A

1 Breath every 5-6 seconds (about 10-12 breaths/minute)

35
Q

How to check pulse in adults

A

Carotid pulse -

  1. Locate trachea on the side closest to you using 2-3 fingers.
  2. Slide 2-3 fingers into the groove between the trachea and the muscles at the side of the neck.
  3. Feel for pulse for at least 5 seconds, but no more than 10 seconds.
36
Q

Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Chain (OHCA)

A
  1. Immediate recognition and activation of ERS
  2. Early CPR w/ emphasis on chest compressions
  3. Rapid defibrillation AED
  4. ALS and transport to hospital
  5. Post cardiac arrest care
37
Q

Main Components of CPR

A
  • remove clothing if possible
  • chest compressions
  • airway
  • breathing
38
Q

Age definition: Children

A

older than 1 yr old, younger than puberty

39
Q

Positions for 6-Person High-Performance Team

A

Leadership:

  • Team leader
  • Administer Meds
  • Timer/recorder

Resuscitation Triangle:

  • Compressor
  • AED/Monitor/Defibrillator
  • Airway
40
Q

Adult CPR 2-Rescuer Roles

A
  1. Perform compressions at victim’s side
  2. Give breaths and maintain airway

*continuous communication is key

41
Q

Chest Compression Fraction

A

proportion of time that chest compressions are performed during cardiac arrest. At least 60%, goal is 80%

42
Q

Agonal Gasps

A
  • may be present in the 1st minutes after sudden cardiac arrest
  • usually happen at a slow rate
  • head/neck may move with gasps
  • may be abnormally noisy (snort, snore, groan)
  • NOT NORMAL BREATHING
43
Q

Age Definition: Infant

A

Less than 1 year old (not including newborns)

44
Q

How to check breathing

A

scan victim’s chest for rise and fall (for no more than 10 seconds)

45
Q

6-Person Team:

Timer/Recorder Role

A
  1. Records time of interventions and meds and announces when next due
  2. Records frequency and duration of interruptions to compressions
    communicates with team leader
46
Q

Bag-mask ventilation technique (1 rescuer)

A
  1. position directly above victim’s head
  2. place mask using bridge of nose
  3. E-C Clamp technique
    - head tilt
    - place mask on face
    - thumb and index finger make C around mask
    - remaining fingers lift jaw, open airway, and press face to mask
  4. deliver breath over 1 second while watching for chest rise
47
Q

6-Person Team:

Administer Meds Role

A

*Must be an advance life support provider

administers medications

48
Q

Oxygen Content of Exhaled Air

A

inhaled breath - 21%

exhaled breath - 17%

49
Q

In Hospital Cardiac Arrest Chain (IHCA)

A
  1. Monitor and Prevention
  2. Recognize and activate ERS
  3. Early CPR with emphasis on chest compressions
  4. Post Cardiac arrest care
50
Q

2 Methods for Opening Airway

A

Head tilt-Chin life and Jaw Thrust

51
Q

6-Person Team:

Team Leader Role

A
  1. Assign Roles
  2. Makes treatment decisions
  3. Provides feedback
  4. Assumes responsibility for roles not assigned
52
Q

Before placing AED pads, check for…

A

Hairy Chest - shave
Water - remove from water and dry chest
Implanted Defibrillators/Pacemakers - if possible, do not place AED pads directly over the device, but otherwise follow normal AED procedures
Transdermal Medication Patch - do not place AED pads directly over patch - remove patch and wipe area if it does not delay delivery of care WEAR GLOVES

53
Q

2 AED Pad Placement Options (adult)

A

Anterolateral - right side of anterior and lateral on left side
Anteroposterior - both on left side of chest

54
Q

Infant Chest Compressions - 2-Finger Technique

A
  1. Firm, flat surface
  2. 2 fingers in center of infant’s chest just below nipple line, on lower half of breastbone. *Do not press the tip of the breastbone
  3. after 30 compressions, head tilt-chin lift and 2 breaths, each over 1 second. Watch for chest rise.
  4. after 5 cycles/2 minutes, if still alone, leave infant to activate ERS and retrieve AED
  5. continue 30:2 ratio w/ AED until help arrives.
55
Q

Infant Chest Compressions - 2 Thumb-Encircling Hands Technique

A
  • preferred 2 rescuer compression technique b/c of improved blood flow
    1. firm, flat surface
    2. place both thumbs side by side in center of infant’s chest on lower half of breastbone. Encircle infant’s chest and support back w/ fingers of both hands
  • Thumbs may overlap in very small infants
    3. use thumbs to depress breastbone
    4. 15:2 ratio w/ two rescuers - second rescuer gives breaths
56
Q

Why is the 2 Thumb-Encircling Hands Technique preferred?

A
  • produces better blood supply to heart muscle
  • helps ensure consistent depth and force of compressions
  • may generate higher blood pressure

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