Basic Knowledge Flashcards
General knowledge of what four types of technology/instrumentation is needed to operate in a reproductive lab?
- Centrifuges
- Pipettes
- Temperature-Regulated Equipment
- Microscopes
What are the four types of centrifuges used in a lab?
- Tabletop
- Microcentrifuges
- High-speed centrifuges
- Ultracentrifuges
What three main types of pipettes are used in a lab?
- Automated pipettes
- Semi-automated micropipettes
- Glass pipettes
What four types of temperature-regulated equipment are used in a lab?
- Heat Blocks/Water Baths
- Room Temperature (items)
- Refrigerators
- Freezers
What six types of microscopes are used in a lab?
- Bright-field microscopy
- Dark-field microscopy
- Electron microscopy
- Fluorescent microscopy
- Phase-contrast microscopy
- Polarized microscopy
List the fourteen parts of a compound microscope.
- Eyepiece lens
- Tube
- Arm
- Base
- Light source
- Stage
- Nosepiece
- Condenser lens
- Iris diaphragm
- Course adjustment
- Fine adjustment
- Low-power objective
- High-power objective
- Oil-immersion objective
What ten main types of mathematical calculations are needed in a lab?
- Temperature Conversions
- Ratios
- Dilutions
- Concentrations
- Quality Control Statistics
- pH
- Anion Gap
- LDL
- Beer’s Law
- Osmolar Gap
What five types of concentrations may need to be calculated in a lab?
- Percent Solutions
- Molarity
- Normality
- Molality
- Concentrated Solutions
What two types of dilutions may need to be calculated in a lab?
- Dilutions
2. Serial Dilutions
What four types of quality control statistics may need to be calculated in a lab?
- Mean
- Standard Deviation
- Coefficient of Variation
- Confidence Interval
What are six ways to calculate pH?
- pH = -log [H+]
- pH = pKa + log [A-] / [HA]
- pH = pKa + log [base] / [acid]
- pH = pKa + log [salt] / [acid]
- pH = pKa + log [HCO3-] / [H2CO3]
- pH = pKa + log [HCO3-] / (PCO2)(0.03)
Define the “Anion Gap” that may need to be calculated in a lab.
The difference between the sum of cations and anions in plasma/serum
Define the “LDL” that may need to be calculated in a lab.
LDL = Low-Density Lipoprotein; a type of lipoprotein that transports cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues
What is the Friedewald Formula for calculating LDL in a lab?
LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol - (HDL cholesterol + TRIG/5)
What are the three levels of CLIA test categorization?
- Waived Testing
- Moderate Complexity, including subcategory of PPM procedures (Provider Performed Microscopy)
- High Complexity
What are the three CLIA requirements to classify a test as Waived?
- Cleared by the FDA for home use
- Employs methodologies that are so simple and accurate as to render the likelihood of erroneous results negligible
- Poses no reasonable risk of harm to the patient if the test is performed incorrectly
What are nine examples of lab tests that have been granted Certificates of Waiver by CLIA?
- Dipstick or Tablet Reagent Urinalysis (non-automated)
- Fecal occult blood
- Ovulation tests - visual color comparison tests for human luteinizing hormone
- Urine pregnancy tests - visual color comparison tests
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate - non-automated
- Hemoglobin (copper sulfate) - non-automated
- Blood glucose by glucose monitoring devices cleared by the FDA specifically for home use
- Spun microhematocrit
- Hemoglobin by single analyze instruments with self-contained or component features to perform specimen/reagent interaction, providing direct measurement and readout
What agency determines if a laboratory test meets CLIA’s criteria for a Certificate of Waiver, and where are revisions to the list of waived tests approved by this organization published?
HHS (US Department of Health and Human Services) and the Federal Register, respectively.
Are laboratories eligible for a Certificate of Waiver from CLIA obligated to follow manufacturer’s instructions for performing the test in question?
YES
What are the seven criteria for CLIA categorization as Moderate Complexity?
- Knowledge
- Training and experience
- Reagents and materials preparation
- Characteristics of operational steps
- Calibration, quality control, and proficiency testing materials
- Test system troubleshooting and equipment maintenance
- Interpretation and judgment
Explain the CLIA scoring system for determining level of complexity.
- Score of 1 indicates the lowest level of complexity.
- Score of 2 will be assigned to a criteria heading when the characteristics for a particular test are intermediate between the descriptions listed for scores of 1 and 3.
- Score of 3 indicates the highest level of complexity.
SCORING WILL BE TOTALED: Scoring <12 is categorized as MODERATE whereas >12 is categorized as HIGH complexity.
What does CLIA state regarding the ethical obligations related to the release of laboratory test results?
CLIA states that laboratory test results must be released only to authorized persons and, if applicable, the individual responsible for using the test results and the laboratory that initially requested the test.
What does HIPAA stand for?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
What is the intent of HIPAA?
- Legislation to enable workers, even those with pre-existing medical conditions, to change jobs without loss or interruption of health insurance protection.
- HIPAA required the Department of Health and Human Services to establish national standards for electronic health care transactions.