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B3 Test (Biology) > Basic Knowledge > Flashcards

Basic Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

What stain type is used for an animal cell?

A

Methylene Blue

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2
Q

What colour stain is iodine?

A

Brown

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3
Q

How many first line defenses are there?

A

6

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4
Q

What will antibiotics not work against?

A

Viruses such as colds and the flu

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5
Q

What are enzymes important for?

A

Detergent, cheese making and fruit juice production

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6
Q

What does enzymes separate milk into?

A

Curds and whey

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7
Q

Are curds a solid or a liquid?

A

Solid

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8
Q

Is whey a solid or a liquid?

A

Liquid

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9
Q

Why are enzymes added to fruit juice?

A

To speed up the production to fruit juice

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10
Q

What enzyme is used in cheese making?

A

Rennet

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11
Q

What enzyme is used in biological detergents?

A

Amylase and lipase

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12
Q

What enzyme is used in fruit juice production?

A

Pectinase

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13
Q

What does amylase and lipase do?

A

Helps break down stains in clothing

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14
Q

What type of detergent has enzymes?

A

Biological detergents

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15
Q

What tissue (out of apples, potatoes, carrots, onions and liver) contain the most catalase?

A

Liver

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16
Q

What does the enzyme catalase do?

A

Helps break down hydrogen peroxide in living cells

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17
Q

How does bacterial resistance to antibiotics increase?

A

over-prescription and not finishing the full course of antibiotics

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18
Q

What is stage 1 of antibody production?

A

White blood cells detecting microbes in the blood

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19
Q

What is stage 2 of antibody production?

A

White blood cells produce antibodies specific to the type of microbe

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20
Q

What is stage 3 of antibody production?

A

White blood cells produce many more of the same antibodies

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21
Q

What is stage 4 of antibody production?

A

Antibodies attach and destroy the microbes

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22
Q

What is stage 5 of antibody production?

A

Some antibodies stay in the blood as a memory cell, ready to work if the same microbe gets in the blood in the future

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23
Q

What is used to treat fungal infections?

A

Antifungal treatments

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24
Q

What are antibodies (Made of)?

A

Chemicals produced by fungi

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25
When do we use antifungals and antibiotics?
Whenever the body's immune system can't protect us from harmful microbes
26
What is a unicellular?
Organism made by only 1 cell
27
What is a multicellular?
Organism made by multiple/many cells
28
What is 1mm in μm?
1,000μm
29
What do you do to change mm into μm?
(...)mm x 1000 = (...)μm
30
What do you do to change μm into mm?
(...)μm/1000 = (...)mm
31
What is different when viewing something on a microscope? Two answers
It's upside down and back to front
32
What type of stain is used for a bacteria cell?
Nigrosine
33
What colour is a nigrosine stain?
Black
34
What colour is the methylene blue stain?
Blue
35
What stain is used for a yeast cell?
Methylene blue
36
What stain is used for a plant cell?
Methylene blue
37
How many cells have a cell membrane?
All 4
38
How many cells have a cytoplasm?
All 4
39
How many cells have a cell wall?
3
40
How many cells have a chloroplast?
Only the plant cell
41
How many cells have a vacuole?
2
42
How many cells have a plasmid?
Bacterial cell only
43
How many cells have a nucleus?
3
44
What cells have a nucleus?
Plant cell, yeast cell and animal cell
45
What cells have a cell wall?
Plant cell, yeast cell and a bacterial cell
46
What cells have a vacuole?
Plant and yeast cells
47
What does a nucleus do?
It contains genetic information
48
What does a cell membrane do?
Allows substances to pass in and out of the cell
49
What does a cytoplasm do?
It's the site of chemical reactions
50
What does a cell wall do?
holds a plant cell shape/structure
51
What does a chloroplast do?
It's the site for photosynthesis
52
What does a vacuole do?
It contains dissolved sugars/salts
53
What does a plasmid do?
It contains genetic information
54
What are different types of animal and plant cells called?
Specialised cells
55
What does a red blood cell do?
Carries oxygen around the body
56
Is a red blood cell a plant or animal cell?
Animal cell
57
Is a leaf palisade cell a plant or animal cell?
Plant cell
58
What does a leaf palisade cell do?
Site of photosynthesis
59
What does a nerve cell do?
Carries electrical messages around the body
60
Is a nerve cell a plant or animal cell?
Animal
61
Is a root hair cell a plant or animal cell?
Plant
62
What does a root hair cell do?
Absorbs water for plants
63
Is a white blood cell a plant or animal cell?
Animal
64
What does a white blood cell do?
Fights infections and protects the body
65
What are the 3 types of microbes?
Bacteria, fungi and viruses
66
What resources/conditions do microbes need to grow and reproduce? (4 answers)
Food, water, warm temperature and a suitable pH
67
What is the respiration process?
Something which occurs in cells and releases energy from food
68
What are the 6 first line defenses?
Skin, stomach acid, tears, saliva, nasal hair and mucus
69
What is past the first line defenses?
Second line defenses
70
What is in the second line defenses?
White blood cells
71
What is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infections?
Hand washing
72
How can you spread harmful microbes
By touching another person
73
How can fermentation in yeast cells be summarised?
Food --> carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy released
74
What is fermentation?
A type of respiration
75
When does fermentation happen?
When oxygen gas is absent in a living cell
76
What are the six uses of bacteria?
Converting milk into yoghurt Converting milk into cheese Making vinegar Breaking down sewage Producing methane gas as fuel Breaking down plant material for compost
77
What are the six uses of fungi?
Making the blue veins in cheese Alcoholic drinks Bread making, alcohol as fuel Used to make Quorn (meat alternative) Producing antibiotics
78
What is a special feature of a red blood cell?
Biconcave shape Increases surface area No nucleus - More space for oxygen Haemoglobin - Carries oxygen
79
What is a special feature of a leaf palisade cell?
Contains many chloroplasts to capture light Large surface area to maximise light absorption
80
What is a special feature of a nerve cell?
Long and thin to carry messages all around the body Insulated for quick transfer of electrical messages
81
What is a special feature of a root hair cell?
Long projections Large surface area maximises water absorption
82
What is a special feature of a white blood cell?
Some can produce special chemicals (antibodies) that destroy specific pathogens Some can digest foreign material before it causes harm

B3 Test (Biology) (1 decks)

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