Basic Issues in Counseling Practice

Question 1

psychodynamic approaches

Answer 1

psychoanalytic therapy and Adlerian therapy

Question 2

psychoanalytic therapy founder

Answer 2

Sigmund Freud

Question 3

Adlerian therapy founder

Answer 3

Alfred Adler

Question 4

Psychoanalytic therapy

Answer 4

theory of personality development, a philosophy of human nature, and a method
of psychotherapy that focuses on unconscious factors that motivate behavior. Attention is given to the events of the first 6 years of life as determinants of the later development of personality

Question 5

Key figures in Adlerian therapy

Answer 5

Adler and Rudolf Dreikurs(popularized in the U.S.)

Question 6

Adlerian Therapy

Answer 6

growth model that stresses assuming responsibility, creating one’s own destiny, and finding meaning and goals to create a purposeful life. Key concepts are used in most other current therapies.

Question 7

Experiential and Relationship-Oriented Therapies

Answer 7

Existential therapy, Person-centered therapy, and Gestalt therapy

Question 8

Existential therapy key figures

Answer 8

Viktor Frankl, Rollo May, and Irvin Yalom

Question 9

Existential therapy was a reaction to

Answer 9

the tendency to view therapy as a system of
well-defined techniques

Question 10

Existential therapy

Answer 10

model stresses building therapy on the basic conditions of human existence, such as choice,
the freedom and responsibility to shape one’s life, and self-determination. It focuses on the quality of the person-to-person therapeutic relationship

Question 11

Person-centered therapy founder

Answer 11

Carl Rogers

Question 12

Person-centered therapy key figure

Answer 12

Natalie Rogers

Question 13

Person-centered therapy

Answer 13

Based on a subjective view of human experiencing, it places faith in and gives responsibility to the client in dealing with problems and concerns.

Question 14

Person-centered therapy was a nondirective reaction to

Answer 14

psychoanalysis in the 1940s

Question 15

Gestalt therapy founders

Answer 15

Fritz and Laura Perls

Question 16

Gestalt therapy key figures

Answer 16

Miriam and Erving Polster

Question 17

Gestalt therapy

Answer 17

experiential therapy stressing awareness and integration; it grew as a reaction against analytic therapy. It integrates the functioning of body and mind.

Question 18

Cognitive Behavioral Approaches

Answer 18

Behavior therapy, Cognitive behavior therapy, Rational emotive behavior therapy, and Reality therapy

Question 19

Behavior therapy key figures

Answer 19

B. F. Skinner, Arnold Lazarus, and Albert Bandura

Question 20

Behavior therapy

Answer 20

approach applies the principles of learning to the
resolution of specific behavioral problems. Results are subject to continual experimentation. The methods of this approach are always in the process of refinement

Question 21

Cognitive behavior therapy key figures

Answer 21

A. T. Beck, Judith
Beck, and Donald Meichenbaum

Question 22

Role of cognitive behavior therapy key figures

Answer 22

A. T. Beck founded cognitive therapy, which gives a primary role to thinking as it influences behavior, Judith Beck continues to develop CBT. Donald Meichenbaum is
a prominent contributor to the development of cognitive behavior therapy

Question 23

Rational emotive
behavior therapy founder

Answer 23

Albert Ellis

Question 24

Rational emotive
behavior therapy

Answer 24

highly didactic, cognitive, action-oriented model of
therapy that stresses the role of thinking and belief systems as the root of personal problems.

Question 25

Reality therapy founder

Answer 25

William Glasser

Question 26

Reality therapy key figure

Answer 26

Robert Wubbolding

Question 27

Reality therapy

Answer 27

short-term approach is based on choice theory and focuses on the client assuming responsibility in the present. Through the therapeutic process, the client is able to learn more effective ways of meeting their needs.

Question 28

Systems and Postmodern Approaches

Answer 28

Feminist therapy, Postmodern approaches, Family systems therapy

Question 29

Feminist therapy founders

Answer 29

Jean Baker Miller, Carolyn Zerbe Enns, Oliva Espin, and Laura Brown

Question 30

Feminist theory

Answer 30

A central concept is the concern for the psychological oppression of women. Focusing on the constraints imposed by the sociopolitical status to which women have been relegated, this approach explores women’s identity development, self-concept, goals and aspirations, and emotional well-being.

Question 31

Solution-focused brief therapy founders

Answer 31

Steve de Shazer and Insoo
Kim Berg

Question 32

Narrative therapy key figures

Answer 32

Michael White and David Epston

Question 33

Postmodern approaches include

Answer 33

solution-focused brief therapy, narrative therapy, and social constructionism

Question 34

Postmodern approaches

Answer 34

all assume that there is
no single truth; rather, it is believed that reality is socially
constructed through human interaction. These approaches
maintain that the client is an expert in their own life.

Question 34

Family systems therapy

Answer 34

systemic approach is based
on the assumption that the key to changing the individual is understanding and working with the family

Question 35

Family systems therapy key figures

Answer 35

Alfred Adler, Murray
Bowen, Virginia Satir, Carl Whitaker, Salvador Minuchin, Jay Haley, and Cloé Madanes