basic intro to cells Flashcards
what is protoplasm made up of? (three parts)
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell surface membrane
functions of cell surface membrane
partially permeable
controls which substances will enter or exit the cell
function of cytoplasm
where most cell activities happen
contains organelles
function of nucleus
controls cell activities (e.g. cell division)
chromatin in the nucleus contains deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
function of cell wall
found in plant cells and made up of cellulose
it protects the cell from injuries and gives the cell its shape
fully permeable
rough endoplasmic reticulum
transports proteins to the Golgi apparatus for secretion out of the cell
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
synthesises substances such as fats and steroids
involved n detoxification
ribosome (free ribosome and ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum
synthesise proteins
golgi apparatus
modifies substances made by the endoplasmic reticulum
packages the substances in vesicles for secretion out of the cell.
mitochondria
perform aerobic respiration
which is the process of oxidising food to release energy
vacuoles
animal cells: many small vacuoles containing water and food
plant cells: one large central vacuole containing cell sap
chloroplasts
oval structures containing chlorophyll which is required for photosynthesis to occur
what parts of the cell is involved in protein production?
nucleus
rough ER and smooth ER
golgi apparautus
protein production
- nucleus contains the information for making proteins, passes it on to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
- ribosomes on rough endoplasmic make proteins and rough endoplasmic reticulum transports the proteins to the golgi apparatus
- small vesicles containing the protein pinch off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and fuse with the golgi apparatus
- golgi apparatus modifies the proteins and packages them in secretory vesicles
- secretory vesicles pinch off the golgi apparatu and fuse with the cell membrane to release the proteins outside the cell
