Basic intro Flashcards
Public Health Framework
- Define the problem
- Identify risk and protective factors
- Develop and test prevention strategies
- Assure widespread adoption
Epidemiology:
The study of measuring dis-ease in different populations
Risk of dis-ease equation:
Number of cases of dis-ease
_________________________
Number of people in the population
Health:
The absence of death, disease or disability
Acronym for GATE Frame:
PECOT
PECOT:
Participants Exposure group (EG) One half of pop Comparison group (CG) Other section of pop Outcomes Time
Cohort study:
Also called follow up study, when a group is followed over time and relevant dis-ease events are counted. Description of study usually says “observed”. Results in a death rate e.g. deaths out of 1000 people per year
EGO and CGO:
Exposure group outcome
Comparison group outcome
EGO=
A/Exposure group (deaths in EG/population of EG)
CGO=
B/Comparison group (deaths in CG/population of CG)
Arrow to the right =
Incidence
EGO and CGO are called an incidence measure of occurrence when:
Dis-ease events are counted as they occur over a period of time. e.g. km per hour - must include time in the equation
EGO and CGO are called a prevalence measure of occurrence when:
People with dis-ease are counted at one point in time. eg: if a car had travelled 200,000km when we checked today
If you want to know how fast a car can go you measure:
Incidence (km per hour)
If you want to measure how worn out a car is you measure:
Prevalence (mileage)
Arrow straight down =
Prevalence
Which measure of occurrence gives more data and why?
Incidence because it is only determined by the dis-ease risk in a population and because it measures events, population and time
If it difficult to measure when a dis-ease event occurs or it occurs frequently, it is measured IF (yes/no) it has occurred over a period of time, this is a measure of:
Period Prevalence
Obesity, asthma attacks and diabetes are measured using _____
Period Prevalence
Cross sectional study:
Measuring everything at the same time
EG measuring alcohol consumption and drug consumption at the same time and studying the relationship between the 2
Relative Risk=
EGO/CGO
Relative risk doesn’t have:
Units
In what studies is a cohort study often inaccurate:
Diet/disease/drug alcohol use
How is death always measured and why:
Death is always a measure of incidence as it happens over time