basic immunology Flashcards
1
immune system
cells, tissues, and molecules that
mediate resistance to infections
immunology
study of structure and function of the
immune system
immunity
resistance of a host to pathogens and
their toxic effects
immune response
= collective and coordinated
response to the introduction of foreign substances in
an individual mediated by the cells and molecules of
the immune system
immune system organ
- Tonsils and adenoids
- Lymph nodes
- Lymphatic vessels
- Thymus
- Spleen
- Appendix
- Bone marrow
• Payer’s patches ●
Immune system:
cell • Lymphocytes
- T-lymphocytes
- B-Lymphocytes, plasma cells
- natural killer lymphocytes
Immune system:
cells Granulocytes
neutrophils
• eosinophils
• basophils
Immune system:
(3) molecules
Antibodies
• Complement
Interleukines
• Interferons
Cytokines
second line of defens
phagocytes wBc
antimicrobial proteins
third line of defense
lymphocytes
antibodies
Innate (non-adaptive)
- first line of immune response
* relies on mechanisms that exist before infection
Acquired (adaptive)
- Second line of response (if innate fails)
- relies on mechanisms that adapt after infection
- handled by T- and B- lymphocytes
- one cell determines one antigenic determinant
Secondary response
more pronounced, faster
• more effective at limiting the infection
Primary response
develops in several days
• does not limit the infection
T lymphocytes
• helper T- lymphocytes (CD4+)
• CD4+ T cells activate phagocytes to kill microbes
• cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CD8+)
• CD8+ T cells destroy infected cells containing
microbes or microbial proteins
