Basic immuno Flashcards
What are the differences between primary and secondary immunity?
- Primary is due to the first exposure of a pathogen and responds via naive B cells. Antibody levels are reached in about 7-10 days with a lag phase of about 7 days. Primary responses take longer to achieve immunity
- Secondary responses occur as a result of the second exposure to a pathogen or Ag, and responds via memory cells. the lag phase is shorter and the peak ab level is reached in about 3-5 days
Differentiate between natural and artificial immunity
natural immunity develops when a person is exposes to the live pathogen, as a form of the infection and their immune system fights it off
artificial immunity is the exposure of the killed or attenuated pathogen; provides long lasting protection
Differentiate between passive and active immunity
Passive immunity is when the patient is given someone else’s abs; are short lived but protect right away
Active immunity is a direct result of the body’s immune system and is from an exposure to an infection or a vaccination
Through what blood vessel do leukocytes migrate out of in the body?
What about in the kidney, lungs, or liver?
body: venues
liver, lungs, kidney: capillaries
What is the role of type 1 interferons?
block viral replication in host cells; help fight against viral infections
- activate the protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) which will prevent RNA translation
- activate ribonuclease L, which mediates viral RNA degredation
- activates NK cells to enhance cytotoxicity
What are KIRs?
killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors; detect stress signals in the cells, and kill accordingly
What is a C1 inhibitor (C1-INH)
Inactivates C1s and C1r, MASP-1 and MASP-2
binds to C1r and C1 s and inactivates the enzymatic activities
What is MCP?
A cofactor for factor I-mediated cleavage of C3 and C4
What is DAF? (CD55)
Destabilizes the convertases of the CP and the AP
blocks C2:C4b interaction
If they DO combine DAF or CR1 enhance the dissociation
What is the C4 binding protein?
Binds to C4b, decay accelerating and cofactor activity
What is factor H?
Binds to C3b; has decay accelerating activity of the AP C3 and C5 convertases and the cofactor activity
What is CD59?
Blocks the C9 association to prevent MAC formation on host cells
What is the S protein?
vitronectin; binds to C5b-7 and inhibits C9 polymerization
What is clusterin?
binds to C5b-7 and inhibits the generation of the MAC
