basic horticulture Flashcards
Name the distinctions between a tree and a shrub.
there are no clean cut answers.
what are the obvious indicators for recognizing a tree
tree:a plant having clearly defined trunk or trunks with a canopy or flush foliage at the top.
how does one define a shrub
low level branches for the ground up and foliage covering the entire branch
Describe annual plants
a plant that completes its life cycle or seed to vegetative to reproductive in one year. Some annuals are perennials in more mild climates
Describe herbs
can be annual, perennials or shrubs what makes them valuable put them in this category
bulbs
include tubers, corms, rhizomes, true bulbs, tuberous root
cacti and succulents
typically native to dry or desert climates. they store moisture in fleshy leaf or stem.
photosynthesis
the process of a plant, in light and chlorophyll present convert CO2 AND water produce simple sugars.
monocotyledon
Name the different areas of a monocotylendon
(grass)
- seedhead
- leaf
- blade
- midrib
- collar
- sheath
- node
- stem
- tiler
monocotyledon characteristics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
- terminal bud only at top of plant
- no axillary or lateral buds
- a palm is and example
- netted root system
- leafs have parallel viens only
dicotyledonous characteristics
1.
2.
3.
4.
- dicots haver both terminal and laterial buds
- most flowering shrubs that are pruned back will grow again from multiple laterial
- can have tap root
- leaves have netted or branched viens
flower functions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
- where rerproduction occurs
- principal male structure is stamen which contain the anther and filament
- principal female structure is the pistil which consists of the stigma,style. and ovary
- the fruit of the plant is generally the mature swollen ovary of the flower
- plants have reached full maturity when they car capable of initiating flowers
leaf function
1.
2.
3.
- house chlorophyll which produces food for the plant via photosynthesis
- cool plant via transpiration; water vapor (sweat)small opening in leaf called stomata help exchange water and CO2
- use glucose via respiration
Monocotyledon characteristics
- terminal buds only at the top
- no axillary or laterial buds
- palm tree that is topped off with die
- netted root system
- leaves have parallel viens only
dicotyledon characteristics
1
2
3
4
- dicots have both terminal buds and lateral buds
- most flowering shrubs that are pruned back will grow again for multiple lateral buds along the plants stem
- can have a tap root system
- leaves have a netted or branched veins
root functions
- different root system netted and tap
- anchor plant
- use stored glucose via respiration to grow, the reverse reaction of photosynthesis
- main storage are for glocosefrom photosynthesis
- takes up water and minerals nurtrient from the soil via roots
Stem Functions
- supports leaves
- store excess glucose
- moves water and dissolved nutrients from root to all parts of plant via xylem tissues
- move glucose produced by chlorophyll in the leaves to all partsa of the plant via phloem tissues
leaf functions
- house chlorophyll which produces glucose for the plant via photosynthesis
- cool the plant via transpiration is the lose of water through tiny holes in leaf call stomata which assist
- use glucose for respoiration
*
flower function
- where reproduction occurs
- principal male structure is the stamen which consists of the anther and filament
- principal female structure is the pistil which consists od the stigma, style and ovary
- the fruit of the plant is generally the mature swollen ovary of the flower
- all fruits and vegetables are botanically considered fruit.
- plants are said to reach maturity when they are capable of initiating flowers
seed function
- contains an embryonic plant in a dormant state of development
- contains food reserves to sustain the seed through germination
- remains dormant until environmental conditions(moisture, oxygen, temperature and light) are favorable for germination
*
describe deciduous plants
- only occurs with perennial plants
- plant loses all leaves for some periods of time
- shortened days (less light) and not colder temperatures induce the plant to stop chlorophyll production and drop leaves
evergreen plants
- always have green leaves
- older leaves are periodically shed throughout the season
plant development factors
- light
- temperature
- soil moisture content and nutrition
- nitrogen nutrition
*
the most common asked question is “HOW OFTEN SHOULD I WATER?” What are the three things which one should utilize to answer the customer question.
- plant: every plant will have a different need of water
- the climate of that plant will be one factor needing to be assessed. indoor, outdoor, humid, dry, etc
- season is a factor: a dormint plant needs far less water that a annual in the middle of summer/.
*
IPM
intergrated Pest Management
Guides and what are they
- examen leaf for signs of insects
* the insect itself or damage caused by insect; discoloration is not always caused by bugs - knowing the correct insect will boarden the chances for success
- if the leaf is discolored, before going straight to fertizer ask the water schedule usua;lly followed.
- if the plant is adequately watered suggest fertilizers
IPM
Prerventative practices
- select plant material that is resist pest and climate appropriate
- eliminate pest host plants, food, water, shelter and other requirements that allow pest to thrive
IPM
Cultural Practices
- irrigation set properly to prevent over and under watering plants
- proper a[pplication of fertilizers ,,,, many pest are attracted to flushes of new growth.
- fertilize during the right time of the year
- proper prunn ing practices: pruning helps with air circulation/eliminates protected area for pest to live and thrive. remove dead and infested branches prevents reinfestation and disease.
IPM
mechanical barries and devices
name 5
- hand tool weeding
- proper mowing heights for lawns
- yellow sticky traps for white flies
- traps and barries with copper edging for snail and slugs
- sticky barriers on tree trunks
IPM
biological Control
Name 5
- lady bug bettles
- praying mantises
- lace wing larvee
- predatory mites
- parasitic wasps
IPM
Narrow-range natural pesticides
name 2
- bacilius thuringiensis(Bt)
- insecticidial soapsand horticultureal oils such as neem oil
IPM
Broad-range natural pesticides/disease control
2
- pyrethrins
- sulfur/copper
