basic horticulture Flashcards

1
Q

Name the distinctions between a tree and a shrub.

A

there are no clean cut answers.

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2
Q

what are the obvious indicators for recognizing a tree

A

tree:a plant having clearly defined trunk or trunks with a canopy or flush foliage at the top.

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3
Q

how does one define a shrub

A

low level branches for the ground up and foliage covering the entire branch

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4
Q

Describe annual plants

A

a plant that completes its life cycle or seed to vegetative to reproductive in one year. Some annuals are perennials in more mild climates

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5
Q

Describe herbs

A

can be annual, perennials or shrubs what makes them valuable put them in this category

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6
Q

bulbs

A

include tubers, corms, rhizomes, true bulbs, tuberous root

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7
Q

cacti and succulents

A

typically native to dry or desert climates. they store moisture in fleshy leaf or stem.

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8
Q

photosynthesis

A

the process of a plant, in light and chlorophyll present convert CO2 AND water produce simple sugars.

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9
Q

monocotyledon

Name the different areas of a monocotylendon

(grass)

A
  • seedhead
  • leaf
  1. blade
  2. midrib
  3. collar
  4. sheath
  • node
  • stem
  • tiler
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10
Q

monocotyledon characteristics

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

A

  • terminal bud only at top of plant
  • no axillary or lateral buds
  • a palm is and example
  • netted root system
  • leafs have parallel viens only
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11
Q

dicotyledonous characteristics

1.

2.

3.

4.

A
  • dicots haver both terminal and laterial buds
  • most flowering shrubs that are pruned back will grow again from multiple laterial
  • can have tap root
  • leaves have netted or branched viens
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12
Q

flower functions

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

A
  • where rerproduction occurs
  • principal male structure is stamen which contain the anther and filament
  • principal female structure is the pistil which consists of the stigma,style. and ovary
  • the fruit of the plant is generally the mature swollen ovary of the flower
  • plants have reached full maturity when they car capable of initiating flowers
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13
Q

leaf function

1.

2.

3.

A
  • house chlorophyll which produces food for the plant via photosynthesis
  • cool plant via transpiration; water vapor (sweat)small opening in leaf called stomata help exchange water and CO2
  • use glucose via respiration
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14
Q

Monocotyledon characteristics

A
  • terminal buds only at the top
  • no axillary or laterial buds
  • palm tree that is topped off with die
  • netted root system
  • leaves have parallel viens only
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15
Q

dicotyledon characteristics

1

2

3

4

A
  • dicots have both terminal buds and lateral buds
  • most flowering shrubs that are pruned back will grow again for multiple lateral buds along the plants stem
  • can have a tap root system
  • leaves have a netted or branched veins
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16
Q

root functions

A
  • different root system netted and tap
  • anchor plant
  • use stored glucose via respiration to grow, the reverse reaction of photosynthesis
  • main storage are for glocosefrom photosynthesis
  • takes up water and minerals nurtrient from the soil via roots
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17
Q

Stem Functions

A
  • supports leaves
  • store excess glucose
  • moves water and dissolved nutrients from root to all parts of plant via xylem tissues
  • move glucose produced by chlorophyll in the leaves to all partsa of the plant via phloem tissues
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18
Q

leaf functions

A
  • house chlorophyll which produces glucose for the plant via photosynthesis
  • cool the plant via transpiration is the lose of water through tiny holes in leaf call stomata which assist
  • use glucose for respoiration
    *
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19
Q

flower function

A
  • where reproduction occurs
  • principal male structure is the stamen which consists of the anther and filament
  • principal female structure is the pistil which consists od the stigma, style and ovary
  • the fruit of the plant is generally the mature swollen ovary of the flower
  • all fruits and vegetables are botanically considered fruit.
  • plants are said to reach maturity when they are capable of initiating flowers
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20
Q

seed function

A
  • contains an embryonic plant in a dormant state of development
  • contains food reserves to sustain the seed through germination
  • remains dormant until environmental conditions(moisture, oxygen, temperature and light) are favorable for germination
    *
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21
Q

describe deciduous plants

A
  • only occurs with perennial plants
  • plant loses all leaves for some periods of time
  • shortened days (less light) and not colder temperatures induce the plant to stop chlorophyll production and drop leaves
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22
Q

evergreen plants

A
  • always have green leaves
  • older leaves are periodically shed throughout the season
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23
Q

plant development factors

A
  • light
  • temperature
  • soil moisture content and nutrition
  • nitrogen nutrition
    *
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24
Q

the most common asked question is “HOW OFTEN SHOULD I WATER?” What are the three things which one should utilize to answer the customer question.

A
  • plant: every plant will have a different need of water
  • the climate of that plant will be one factor needing to be assessed. indoor, outdoor, humid, dry, etc
  • season is a factor: a dormint plant needs far less water that a annual in the middle of summer/.
    *
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25
IPM intergrated Pest Management Guides and what are they
1. examen leaf for signs of insects * the insect itself or damage caused by insect; discoloration is not always caused by bugs 1. knowing the correct insect will boarden the chances for success 2. if the leaf is discolored, before going straight to fertizer ask the water schedule usua;lly followed. * if the plant is adequately watered suggest fertilizers
26
IPM Prerventative practices
* select plant material that is resist pest and climate appropriate * eliminate pest host plants, food, water, shelter and other requirements that allow pest to thrive
27
IPM Cultural Practices
* irrigation set properly to prevent over and under watering plants * proper a[pplication of fertilizers ,,,, many pest are attracted to flushes of new growth. * fertilize during the right time of the year * proper prunn ing practices: pruning helps with air circulation/eliminates protected area for pest to live and thrive. remove dead and infested branches prevents reinfestation and disease.
28
IPM mechanical barries and devices name 5
* hand tool weeding * proper mowing heights for lawns * yellow sticky traps for white flies * traps and barries with copper edging for snail and slugs * sticky barriers on tree trunks
29
IPM biological Control Name 5
* lady bug bettles * praying mantises * lace wing larvee * predatory mites * parasitic wasps
30
IPM Narrow-range natural pesticides name 2
* *bacilius thuringiensis(Bt)* * *insecticidial soapsand horticultureal oils such as neem oil*
31
IPM Broad-range natural pesticides/disease control 2
* pyrethrins * sulfur/copper
32
IPM chemical pesticides name 4
* sevin * Imidacloprid * predatory mites * parastic wasps
33
what are weeds
plants growing where it is unwanted. therefore even ornamental growing on it's own is a weed.
34
what are the qualities that make weeds successful
* Reproduce in make ways: sexual (seed), asexual growth of a plant resprouts. produce many seeds * produce small seeds * seeds are effective at traveling (air, water, animal) * pullingweeds often results in a broken plant and resprouting occurs * roots and stem produce rhizones and runners * very hardy and can live almost any where * grow fast in comparison to crop plants * seeds can stay dormant in the soil for a long time.
35
broadleaf weeds
* refer to dicotylendonous plants in an undireable location in the garden. often in lawns 1. broadleaf weed killers * monterey cred-E-Rad * bonide weed beater ultra * bayer lawn weed & crabgrass killer
36
grassy weeds
* refers to monocotylendonous plants in undedireable location in thwe garden. most often these weeds are in flower beds * Green light Amaze (pre-emergent) * monterey weed impede(pre-emergent)
37
herbicides what are they and what do they effect
* they can typically kill all vegatation * they target different stages of the weed or plants development * pre-emergent * post-emergent
38
pre-emergent
a type of herbicide which targets the germination of a plant and should be applied after mature weeds have been pull. * stops the germination of seeds so customer should not use if seeds with be planted such as grass seed.
39
post-emergent
an herbicide which kill weeds after germination. Remember to read the label
40
**African Violet**
saintpaulia spp. flowering house plant. small cluster of purple and white flowers
41
**dwarf Burning Bush**
Euonumus alatus compactus deciduous shrub. intense scarlet red fall coloring
42
**firethorn**
pyracantha Thorny evergreen large shurb with white flowers, and red orange or yellow berries. flowers mid to late spring
43
**August Beauty Gardenia**
Gardenia augustifolia Evergreen flowering shrub with white fragant flowers
44
Southern Indica Azalea
Large growing evergreen premier shrub. showy single bloom in spring
45
Autumn Fern
Dryopteris erthrosora small to medium perennial ; soft textured fronds with red tints
46
Red Maple
Acer rebrum Large deciduous tree. Brilliant orange and scalet leaves in fall
47
caladium
Caladium x hortulanum colorful annual foliage plant. Corms can be dug up and saved over winter
48
Chinese Evergreen
Aglaonema modestum small low-light house plant usually has variegated foliage
49
Croton
Codiaeum variegatum Colorful tropical or HP Multicolor foliage. no flowers
50
Lantana
Lantana sp sun loving annual. drought tolerant. some perennial varieties
51
butterfly bush
buddieia summer flowering deciduous large fast growing shrub. Attracts birds and butterflies
52
lavender
lavendula augustifolia fragrant perennial. Grey foliage. Blue/purple flowers
53
live oak
quercus virginiana state tree of GA. evergreen foliageon very large tree
54
**PANSY**
viola x wittrockiana winter annual, lots of color. Like sunny cold weather
55
**peace Lily**
Spathiphyillum medium HP with large green leaves and white flowers
56
**Phalaenopsis Orchids**
Phalaenopsis spp. long lasting HP many blooms on stem
57
**Pothos**
Epopremnum aureum Vining easy to grow HP in all light conditions
58
**Rabbiteye Blueberry**
vaccinium ashei flowering and fruiting shrub. Blue/green foliage blue/purple edible fruit
59
**River Birch**
Betrula nigra small tro medium shade tree with multi trunk and white bark
60
**weeping fig**
Ficus benjamina HP tree got high light area. does not like to be moved
61
**Yoshino Cherry**
Prunus X yedoensis sun loving annual. warm colors. mass planting and cutting
62
**Daylily**
Hemerocallis hybrids decid. perennial wirh trumpet yellow, red, and orange
63
**eastern redbud**
Cercis canadensis small flowering tree with heart shaped LEAVES AND PINK FLOWERS.
64
**endless summer** **hydrangea**
hydrangea macrophyllia decid shrub with large blue mop head flowers late spring/summer
65
**compacta Holly**
iiex glabra compacta deer resistant evergreen shrubbloomsspring with white flowers. black berries through winter dwarf grower
66
**Nitrogen**
Green plants nutrient too much is a bad thing
67
**PHosphorus**
the essential function is energy store and transfer a good supply in young plants ensure the plant will flower it;s also important for fruit production and considered essential for seed formation
68
**potassium**
over all health of the plabt SE and NW it is leached for the soil mid-west and Western us have abundant soiuces due to low rainfall
69
**Calcium**
essential for cell elongation and division calcium is not mobile in plants, so to correct bloomrot it needs to be sprayed on to the blooms to correct the current crop and it should be add to the soil to assist in next years crop.
70
**Magnesium**
will only appear deficient is in very sandy or acidic soils. It is an important part of chlorophyll.
71
**Sulfur**
helps acidify the soil
72
**Iron**
important part of chlorophyll production pigment in plants also how plants make food.
73
**nitrogen deficiency**
***leaf coloration*** light green or yellow on lower leaves which eventually die necrosis ***crop growth*** stunted and weak ,early leaf loss plant may mature early
74
**phosphorus deficiency**
***leaf coloration*** purple or dark blue-green first appears on lower older leaves ***crop growth*** plants develop and matures slowly
75
**Potassium deficiency**
***Leaf Coloration*** Yellow, brown tissue bewtween viens necrosis along leaf blade. Symptoms on mature lower leaves chlorosis white spects on leaves ***Crop Growth*** Slow growth, shortened internodes leaves can appears wilted
76
**Sulfur Definiency**
***leaf coloration*** yellow-green coloration in leaf blades and viens appears on younger plant parts ***crop growth*** slow growth, plants mature early
77
**Calcium Definiency**
***Leaf coloration*** white strips along leaf margins chlorosis on younger plants ***crop growth*** death of buds and some roots small leavesa
78