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Poeran 3rd > Basic Health Care 2 > Flashcards

Basic Health Care 2 Flashcards

1
Q

invasion of the body tissue by organisms and their proliferation there

A

Infection

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2
Q

the absence of disease-producing microorganisms and being free from infection

A

Asepsis

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3
Q

practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens, also called “Clean Technique”

A

Medical asepsis

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4
Q

practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganism, also called “Sterile Technique”

A

Surgical Asepsis

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5
Q

extends from the entry of microorganisms into the body to the onset of signs and symptoms

A

Incubation Period

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6
Q

extends from the onset of non-specific signs and symptoms to the appearance of specific signs and symptoms

A

Prodromal Period

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7
Q

specific signs and symptoms develop and become evident

A

Illness period

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8
Q

signs and symptoms start to abate until the client returns to normal state of health

A

Convalescent period

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9
Q
  • Refers to microorganism
  • The ability of the infectious agent to cause disease depends on the virulence, invasiveness and specificity
    Ex: bacteria, fungi, virus, parasites
A

Etiologic Agent/ Infectious Agent

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10
Q

-Source of pathogen
-Humans (client, visitors, healthcare personnel)
-Animals (insects, rats), Plants

A

Reservoir

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11
Q
  • a way for the pathogen to escape from the reservoir
    respiratory tract: droplets, serum
    gastrointestinal tract: vomitus, feces, saliva, drainage tubes
  • urinary tract: urine, urethral catheters
  • reproductive tract: semen, vaginal discharge
  • blood: open wound, needle puncture site
A

Portal of Exit

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12
Q
  • way for the pathogen to travel or transfer like direct contact, airborne, droplet
A

Mode of Transmission

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13
Q

This permits the organism to gain entrance into the host
Pathogens can enter susceptible host through body orifices such as mouth, nose, ears, eyes, vagina, rectum and urethra
Breaks in the skin or mucous membranes from wounds and abrasion increase chance for organisms to enter hosts.

A

Portal of Entry

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14
Q

a person who is at risk for infection, whose own body defense mechanisms, when exposed are unable to withstand invasion of pathogens
ex: malnourished children, cancer patients

A

Susceptible Host

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15
Q

involves immediate and direct transfer from person to person

A

Direct Contact

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16
Q

occurs when susceptible host is exposed to a contaminated object such as dressing, needle, surgical instrument

A

Indirect contact

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17
Q

occurs when mucous membrane of the nose, mouth or conjunctiva are exposed to secretions of an infected person who is coughing, sneezing, laughing, or talking
usually at a distance of 3 meters

A

Droplet Transmission

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18
Q

involves the transfer of microorganisms by way of vehicles or contaminated items that transmit pathogens
ex: food, water, milk, blood, eating utensils, pillows, mattress

A

Vehicle Transmission

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19
Q

occurs when fine particles are suspended in the air for a long time or when dust particles contain pathogen
air currents disperses microorganisms which can be inhaled or deposited on the skin of susceptible host

A

Airborne Transmission

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20
Q

animals like rats, snails, mosquitos

A

Biologic Vectors

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21
Q

are inanimate objects that are infected with infected body fluids like contaminated needles and syringes

A

Mechanical vectors

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22
Q

Antibodies are produced by the body in response to infection.

A

Active Immunization

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23
Q

antibodies are formed in the presence of active infection in the body, it is lifelong

A

Natural Active Immunization

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24
Q

antigens (vaccines or toxoids) are administered to stimulate the antibody production
requires booster inoculation after many years
ex: tetanus toxoid, OPV

A

Artificial Active Immunization

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25
Q

antibodies are produced by another source such as animal or human

A

Passive Immunization

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26
Q

antibodies are transferred from the mother to her newborn through placenta or in the colostrums

A

Natural Passive Immunization

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27
Q

immune serum (antibody) from an animal or human is injected to a person
ex: tetanus immunoglobulin human (TGH)

A

Artificial Passive Immunization

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28
Q

the single most important infection control practice

A

Handwashing

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29
Q

the physical removal of visible dirt and debris by washing, dusting or mopping surfaces that are contaminated. Soap is used for mechanical cleaning

A

Cleaning

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30
Q

the chemical or physical processes used to reduce number of potential pathogens on an object’s surface

A

Disinfection

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31
Q

complete destruction of all microorganisms and spores, leaving no viable forms of organisms

A

Sterilization

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32
Q
  • this method is non-toxic, inexpensive, sporicidal, and able to penetrate fabric rapidly
  • used to sterilize surgical dressings, surgical linens, parenteral nutrition, metal or glass objects
  • color indicator strips change color, indicating that sterilization has occurred
  • check packaging for integrity and always check the expiration date to ensure sterility of the object
A

Steam sterilization

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33
Q

sterilization using supersaturated steam under pressure

A

Autoclaving

34
Q

a colorless gas that can penetrate plastic, rubber, cotton and other substances.

A

Ethylene oxide

35
Q
  • use to sterilize oxygen or suction gauges, BP apparatus, stethoscopes and catheters
  • expensive and requires 2-5 hrs to be accomplished
A

Gas Sterilization

36
Q
  • ionizing radiation penetrate deeply into objects
  • used in sterilizing drugs, foods and other heat-sensitive items
A

Radiation

37
Q
  • effective disinfectants
  • they attack all types of microorganisms, act rapidly, work with water
    -inexpensive
  • used for instruments and equipment such as glass thermometer, chlorine is used for water
A

Chemicals

38
Q
  • this is least expensive for home use
  • baby bottles boiled for 15 mins
A

Boiling Water

39
Q

Before handling foods
Before and after using the toilet
Before and after performing nursing procedure
Before and after each patient contact

A

4 moments of Handwashing

40
Q

on going practices that are observed in the care of the client, his supplies, his immediate environment, to limit/control the spread of microorganisms

A

Concurrent Disinfection

41
Q

practices to remove pathogens from the client’s belongings and his immediate environment after his illness is no longer communicable

A

Terminal Disinfection

42
Q

before childbirth

A

Antepartum

43
Q

during labor/delivery

A

Intrapartum

44
Q

following after childbirth or birth of young

A

Postpartum

45
Q

the 6 weeks after childbirth, sometimes termed the fourth trimester of pregnancy

A

puerperium

46
Q

6 weeks before conception to 6 weeks after birth

A

perinatal period

47
Q

-is family- centered; assessment data must include a family and individual Philosophy of Maternal and Child Health Nursing
-is community- centered; the health of families depends on and influences the health of communities.
-is research- oriented, because research is the means whereby critical knowledge increases.

A

Maternal and Child Health Care

48
Q

frequency of live births in a given population, conventionally calculated as the annual number of live births per 1,000 inhabitants

A

Birth Rate

49
Q

reflects the proportion of women who could have babies over her lifetime

A

Fertility Rate

50
Q

death in utero of a child (fetus) at anytime during pregnancy. Reflects overall quality of maternal health and prenatal care

A

Fetal Death Rate

51
Q

maternal disease, premature cervical dilation, maternal malnutrition

A

Maternal factors

52
Q

fetal disease, chromosome abnormality, poor central attachmentfetal disease, chromosome abnormality, poor central attachment

A

Fetal Factors

53
Q

death in the first 28 days of life. Reflects not only the quality of care available to women during pregnancy and childbirth but also the quality care available to infants during the first month of life

A

Neonatal Death Rate

54
Q

prematurity, low birth weight, congenital anomalies

A

Leading cause of infant mortality

55
Q

refers todeatharound the time of delivery and includes bothfetal deaths(at least 20 weeks of gestation) and early infant (neonatal)deaths. The sum total of fetal and neonatal rates

A

Perinatal Death Rate

56
Q

the number of maternal deaths that occur as direct result of reproductive process per 1,000 live births.

A

Maternal Mortality Rate

57
Q

index of general health, measures the quality of pregnancy care, nutrition and sanitation as well as infant health.

A

Infant Mortality Rate

58
Q

capable of acting as consultants in their area of expertise, serves as role model, researchers and teacher of quality nursing care

A

Clinical nurse Specialist

59
Q

supervises a group of patients from the time they enter the facility until they are discharged

A

Case manager

60
Q

educates women, shares methods of preventing illness (ex: STD/HIV), offers information and counseling of productive life planning

A

Women’s health Practitioner

61
Q

provides health care to families, takes health and pregnancy history, performs physical and obstetrics examinations, orders appropriate diagnostic and laboratory test and plans continued care

A

Family Nurse Practitioner

62
Q

skilled to care for newborns both well and ill

A

Neonatal nurse practitioner

63
Q

prepare with extensive skills in physical assessment, interviewing and well-child counseling and care determines child common illness

A

Pediatric nurse practitioner

64
Q

play important roles in assisting women with pregnancy and child bearing

A

Nurse- midwife

65
Q

-(US census) a group of people related by blood, marriage, or adoption or living together
-(allender & Spradley) two or more people who live in the same household, shares common emotional bond and perform certain care providers

A

Family

66
Q

the family one is born into, or oneself, mother, father and sibling if any

A

Family of Orientation

67
Q

a family one established oneself, spouse or significant other and children

A

Family of Procreation

68
Q

consist of 2 people living together, usually woman and man without children

A

Dyad

69
Q

composed of husband, wife and children. (Advantage: focus on needs)

A

Nuclear family

70
Q

composed of heterosexual couples who live together like a nuclear family but remain unmarried

A

Cohabitation Family

71
Q

includes not only the nuclear family but also other family members such as grandmother, grand father, aunts, uncles, cousins, grandchildren (advantage: more resources)

A

Extended (Multigenerational)

72
Q

are families with children under age 18 headed by a parent who is widowed or divorced and not remarried, or by a parent who has never married.

A

Single-parent family

73
Q

remarriage or reconstituted family, a divorced or widowed person with children marries someone who also has children (advantage: increase in security and resources)

A

Blended family

74
Q

comprise of groups of people who have chosen to live together as extended family, relationship is motivated by social or religious values

A

Communal Family

75
Q

homosexual unions, individuals of the same sex live together as partners for companionship, financial security and sexual fulfillment

A

Gay or Lesbian Family

76
Q

children whose parent can no longer care for them may be placed in a foster or substitute home by a child protecting agency

A

Foster Family

77
Q

a healthy family provides food, shelter, and health care for its members

A

Physical Maintenance

78
Q

involved preparing children to live in the community and to interact with people outside the family

A

Socialization of family member

79
Q

determining which family needs will be met and their order of priority

A

Allocation of resources

80
Q

includes opening an effective means of communication among family members, establishing family values, and enforcing common regulations.

A

Maintenance of order

Poeran 3rd (2 decks)

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