Basic functions ES

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The basic function of the endocrine system is to regulate and coordinate the body’s internal processes by producing and releasing hormones into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the blood to target cells or organs

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where they bind to specific receptors and trigger a response.

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Here’s a breakdown of its primary functions:

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1. Maintain Homeostasis

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The endocrine system helps keep the body’s internal environment stable and balanced.

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Examples:

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Blood glucose levels: Regulated by insulin and glucagon.

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Calcium levels: Controlled by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin.

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Water balance: Managed by antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

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2. Regulate Metabolism

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Hormones control how the body uses and stores energy.

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Examples:

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Thyroid hormones (T3

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T4): Increase metabolic rate and energy production.

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Cortisol: Helps regulate glucose metabolism and stress response.

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3. Control Growth and Development

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Hormones play a key role in growth

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development

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Examples:

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Growth hormone (GH): Stimulates growth of bones and tissues.

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Sex hormones (oestrogen

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testosterone): Drive puberty and reproductive development.

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4. Manage Reproduction

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The endocrine system regulates reproductive functions and sexual characteristics.

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Examples:

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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH): Control sperm and egg production.

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Oestrogen and progesterone: Regulate the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

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5. Coordinate Stress Responses

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Hormones help the body respond to physical and emotional stress.

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Examples:

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Adrenaline and noradrenaline: Trigger the “fight-or-flight” response.

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Cortisol: Provides long-term stress adaptation.

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6. Regulate Mood and Behavior

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Hormones influence emotions

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mood

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Examples:

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Serotonin and melatonin: Affect sleep and mood.

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Oxytocin: Promotes bonding and social behavior.

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7. Support Immune Function

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Hormones interact with the immune system to help defend against infections and diseases.

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Example:

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Cortisol: Suppresses inflammation and immune responses when necessary.

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Key Features of the Endocrine System

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Hormones: Chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream.

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Target Cells: Cells with specific receptors for hormones.

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Feedback Loops: Mechanisms that regulate hormone levels (e.g.

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negative feedback to maintain balance).

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Example of Endocrine Function

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Blood Sugar Regulation:

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After eating

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blood glucose levels rise.

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The pancreas releases insulin

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which signals cells to take up glucose.

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When blood glucose levels drop

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the pancreas releases glucagon