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French Pronunciation > Basic French Pronunciation Principals > Flashcards

Basic French Pronunciation Principals Flashcards

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1
Q

E after vowels is __? Ex: Une bougie

A

E after vowels is silent
ex:
-ie - une bougie
-ue - une avenue
-oue - la boue
-aie - la monnaie
-oie - la joie
-eue - la queue

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2
Q

-c - c at the end of words is __? ex: un banc

A

Silent! = -c ex: un banc, blanc (c not pronounced)

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3
Q

-consonant+f —> f is ___? Ex: un cerf

A
  1. -consonant+f = un cerf (f not pronounced), le nerf
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4
Q

-l (l at the end of words) is ____? Ex: un fusil

A

-l = silent ex: un outil, un fusil (l not pronounced)

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5
Q

-s is ___? Ex: un bras

A

Silent! = -s ex: un bras, le repos (s not pronounced)

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6
Q

-x is _____? Ex: un choix

A

Silent = -x ex: un choix, une croix, deux (x not pronounced)

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7
Q

-z is ____? Ex: le nez

A

Silent! = -z ex: le nez, chez, du riz (z not pronounced)

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8
Q

-t is ____? Ex: l’art

A

Silent = -t ex: l’art, le concert, un dessert (t not pronounced)

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9
Q

-p is ____? Ex: trop

A

Silent = -p ex: beaucoup, trop (p not pronounced)

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10
Q

-g is _____? Ex: le poing

A

Silent = -g ex: le poing (g not prounced)
1. Exception: English words with -ing ex: smoking, camping

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11
Q

-d is _____? Ex: le did

A

Silent! = -d ex: le did, sound (d no pronounced)

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12
Q

-b is ____?

A

Silent = -b -> usually pronounced except for le plumb -> b not pronounced but le club, le toubib (doctor), snob -> b is pronounced

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13
Q

É = ?

A

é = ay + [e] (mangé, une télévision)

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14
Q

Ai = ?

A

Ai = [e] ay (aimer, je ferai, (future tense je: je ferai, je mangerai, je serai

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15
Q

-er = ?

A

Er = [e] ay (un escalier, un clavier)

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16
Q

Ez = ?

A

Ez = [e] ay (assez, un nez, chez)

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17
Q

-Ed = ?

A

Ed = [e] ay (un pied)

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18
Q

E- = ?

A

E- = [e] ay (effacer)

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19
Q

Et (on its own/as a word itself) = ?

A

Et = [e] ay AND ai as in fair — in a word it’s è but on it’s own it’s é

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20
Q

È = ?

A

è = [3 backwards] = Like fAIr but shorter sound ex: le père, la mère, Une bière, la fièvre, fière

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21
Q

È = ?

A

è = ai [3 backwards] (le père, la mère, chère, une bière, la fièvre, fière)

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22
Q

Ê = ?

A

ê = ai (fair sound) [3 backwards] (une fête, une tête)

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23
Q

Ë = ?

A

ë = ai (fair sound) [3 backwards] (Noël)

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24
Q

E before last audible letter = ? Ex: le mer

A

e (fair sound) (before the last audible letter) = ai [3 backwards] (le mer, Cher, sec, zen, net, cet)

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25
Q

E before two consonants = ? Ex: celle

A

e (before two consonants) = ai (fair sounds) [3 backwards] (celle, la Terre, une selle, le reste, un verbe, une veste)

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26
Q

-ais = ?

A

-ais = ai (fair sound) [3 backwards] (un français, mais)

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27
Q

-ait = ?

A

-ait = ai (fair sound) [3 backwards] (de lait, un fait)

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28
Q

-aient = ?

A

-aient = ai (fair sound) [3 backwards] (ils seraient)

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29
Q

Ei = ?

A

ei = ai (fair sound) [3 backwards] (une reine, la neige)

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30
Q

-et = ?

A

-et = ai (fair sound) [3 backwards] (un bracelet, un alphabet)

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31
Q

-ai- and -ai = ?

A

-ai- = ai (fair sound) [3 backwards] (la laine, faire, un balai, le délai, vrai, j’aime, une semaine, une fraise, une aile, une paire)

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32
Q

Exceptions ai with fair sound

A

Exceptions: ai = [e (upside down like uh) ex: je faisais, nous faisions, ils faisaient

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33
Q

Es and est = ?

A

Es + est = ai [3 backwards] (es, est)

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34
Q

Es = ?

A

Es (in small words) = ai (fair sound) [3 backwards] (des, les, ces)

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35
Q

-ey = ?

A

-Ey = ai [3 backwards] (un poney)

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36
Q

-ect = ? Ex: un suspect

A

-ect = ai [3 backwards] (un suspect, le respect, un aspect)

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37
Q

Middle nasal = __ = [ã]
4 possible uses: —, —,—,—.

A

Middle nasal = an = [ã]
An ex: le sand, tant, changer, un an = Middle nasal = an = [ã]
En ex: lent, les enfants, le ventre = Middle nasal = an = [ã]
Am ex: un champ, un jambon, un tambour = Middle nasal = an = [ã]
Em ex: le temps, la remplir, novembre = Middle nasal = an = [ã]
—-

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38
Q

lowest nasal = __ and __ (only when before __ or __) = [backwards c with a ~ on top]

A

lowest nasal = on = [backwards c with a ~ on top]
om is like on when before pronounced b or p (computer, un nom, un zombie)
ex: bondé, conquérir, un don (a gift), fonder, une gondole, une jonquille, longue, monter, un canon, un pont (bridge), un biberon, songer, un tonton (uncle), nous bravons (we brave), nous bronzons (we tan)

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39
Q

Top nasal = x7 types + 1 exception = [ 3 backwards with ~]

A

Top nasal = IN - IM - AIN - EIN - AIM - YN - YM = [ 3 backwards with ~]
IN = le jardin, le singe = [3 backwards with ~] = Top nasal
AIN = un pain, une main, demain = [3 backwards with ~] = Top nasal
IM = simple, impossible, le timbre = [3 backwards with ~] = Top nasal
EIN = une peinture, un frein, un sein = [3 backwards with ~] = Top nasal
AIM = la faim, un daim = [3 backwards with ~] = Top nasal
YN = un lynx, un larynx = [3 backwards with ~] = Top nasal
EN(an exception) = un examen [3 backwards with ~] = Top nasal

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40
Q

___ and ___ = (middle vowel alt) = [œ - with ~ at the top] = the same as IN but south of Paris it has some of a e sound in it]

A

UN = [œ - with ~ at the top] = the same as IN but south of Paris it has some of a e sound in it]
Chacun, Brun, Un

UM - [œ - with ~ at the top] = the same as IN but south of Paris it has some of a e sound in it]
Humble, le parfum

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41
Q

I + IN =

A

IEN = [j3 (backwards with ~) = I + IN
ex: un bien, un musicien, un chien, mien, rien, un comédien

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42
Q

OIN =

A

OIN = [wē] = W+IN
Ex: moin, un soin, loin, rejoindre, un shampoing, un besoin, un joint, un coin, une point, du foin)

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43
Q

NASAL VOWELS DISAPPEAR WHEN FOLLOWED BY ___?

A

NASAL VOWELS DISAPPEAR WHEN FOLLOWED BY A VOWEL or H:
Ex: le parfum -> parfumer, un jardin -> jardiner, bon -> bonne, un nom -> nommer, un bon homme

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44
Q

E —> a - 3 examples

A

E —> a
Une femme, évidemment, prudemment -> e = [a]

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45
Q

Read these words which have a mute e

A

MUTE E IN WORDS:
Un biberon, Une boulangerie, Allemagne, Rapidement, Lentement, Un rangement, un bracelet, un passeport, une enveloppe, une promenade, nous nageons

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46
Q

open/closed eu + œe ->
eu + vowel or last letter of the word = ___ ex bleu
eu + consonant = ___ ex un tracteur

A

open/closed eu + œe ->
eu + vowel or last letter of the word = open =[ø] ex: je jeux, bleu
eu + consonant = closed = [œ] ex: un meuble, un tracteur

Note: different then ou which is more an ooooooo this is more o. Like “the letter o”

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47
Q

Y before consonant = ____ ex: un cycle

A

Y before consonant = [i]
ex: un cycle, un hymne

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48
Q

i before vowel = ___ ex: bien

A

[j] = y in yes, rolling i
I before vowel = [j]
ex: dieu, bien

49
Q

Y between two vowels —>
ex: royal

A

[j] = y between two vowels
ex: royal, joyeux

50
Q

Exception to a laison

A

Un yacht = no liaison

51
Q

Two letter combinations with open o:
___ and ___

A

Au = [o] (open o) ex: une pause, la sauce, aucun
Eau = [o] (open o) ex: un gâteau, un château, beau

52
Q

OI = ___

A

OI = [wa] ex: voir, le roi, boire, un doigt (finger), la joie (once)

53
Q

U vs ou

A

U = [y] = û (more of an uuuuu sound than [u] which is more of an oooo sound)
ex: une chute, une flûte, la lutte, une bûche

Ou = où = [u] (more of an oooo sound than [y] which is more of a uuuu sound)

Bu, la boue,
Un cul, le cou,
Du, doux,
Je jure, le jour,
Du jus, la joue,
Lu, le loup,
Le pull, une poule,
Pur, pour,
La rue, la roue,
Dessus, dessous,
Tu, tout,
Vu, vous

54
Q

U after g and q

A

U after g and q = Don’t pronounce u after g and q = la langue, longue, une queue, un quart

55
Q

Ou before a vowel

A

Ou before a vowel = w [w] = oui, un jouet, l’ouest

56
Q

ui = __

A

ui = wi [upside down h]
ex: une nuit, fuir, une buisson, a cuisson, enduite, fuir, juillet, luire, puis, je suis

57
Q

IL = ILLE = ___

A

IL = ILLE = [ij] = rolling i
ex: la famille, la vanille, une chenille, mille, la ville, tranquille, une fille, une quille, une grille, les papilles, un gorille

58
Q

AIL = AILLE = __

A

AIL = AILLE = [aj] = a + yyyyyyu
AIL = [aj] = a + yyyyyyu ex: un éventail, un épouvantail, de l’ail, un détail
AILLE = [aj] = a + yyyyyyu ex: travailler, une paille, une mailler, de la volaille, une bataille,une entaille

59
Q

EIL = EILLE = AY = ___

A

EIL = EILLE = AY = [backwards 3 like ay + [j]/rolling I]
EIL = [backwards 3 like ay + [j]/rolling I] Ex: l’eveil, le soleil, pareil, le réveil, le sommeil, un conseil
EILLE = [backwards 3 like ay + [j]/rolling I] Ex: une groseille, une bouteille, une merveille, une oreille
AY = [backwards 3 like ay + [j]/rolling I] Ex: essayer, payer, Mayer, égayer, balayer, effrayer

60
Q

OUILLE = ___

A

OUILLE = [uj] = oooo + rolling I
ex: une grenouille, les nouilles, la fouille, une ratatouille, une gargouille, douillet, verrouiller, la rouille, mouiller, une dépouille

61
Q

UEIL (after _ and _) =
UEILLE (after _ and _) =
œIL =
EUIL =
EUILLE =

A

UEIL (after c and g) =
UEILLE (after c and g) =
œIL =
EUIL =
EUILLE = [ŒJ] = uh + rolling i
eu + vowel or last letter of the word = open =[ø] ex: je jeux, bleu
eu + consonant = closed = [œ] ex: un meuble, un tracteur
ex: la seuil, la fauteuil, une feuille, un portefeuille, l’accueil, u, un cercueil, l’orgueil, cueillir

62
Q

B pronounced: (x3)
Otherwise it’s __________

A

B pronounced: ex: le club, le toubib, snob

Otherwise it’s silent

63
Q

Hard g — before ___ and ___ AND ___,___and ___

Soft g — before ___ or ___

A

[g] = hard g -> before r and l ex: grave, grand, un gland AND a. o. u. Ex: un gâteau, un gorille, une bague (u not pronounced but makes the g hard)
-Gg- + -ing = [g] -> when it’s a foreign word ex: un legging, le jogging

[3] = soft g (lip placement changes depending on the sound after) before e or I ex: un nuage, le gîte, changer
-gg- = une suggestion - sug-zzestion - su[g]-[3]estion

64
Q

G not pronounced: ___ and ___

A

G not pronounced:
-g ex: le sang, le rang
-gt ex: le doigt

65
Q

EGGS

A

EGGS
Un œuf -> des œufs -> don’t pronounce fs in plural and it’s an o open sound

66
Q

BEEF

A

BEEF
Un bœuf -> des bœufs -> don’t pronounce fs in plural and it’s an o open sound

67
Q

EYES

A

EYES
Un œil [œj] -> des yeux = [jø]

68
Q

BONE

A

BONE
Un os -> des os

69
Q

Plus -> when pronounce s and when don’t?

A

Plus -> when pronounce s and when don’t?
-> pronounce s with “more”
-> don’t pronounce s when mean “not anymore”

70
Q

Tous -> when pronounce s and when don’t?

A

Tous -> when pronounce s and when don’t?

-> pronounce s with people Tous etudiants
-> don’t pronounce s with objects tous cuilleres

71
Q

Vingt - pronounce t? G?

A

Vingt - can pronounce t or not but we never pronounce g

72
Q

-bs- = ___

A

-bs- = [ps]
Absolument = -bs- = [ps]
Absent = -bs- = [ps]

73
Q

-aon -> ____ (special cases - 3)

A

SPECIAL CASES
-aon -> Middle nasal = an = [ã]
un faon = -aon -> Middle nasal = an = [ã]
Un taon = -aon -> Middle nasal = an = [ã]
Un paon = -aon -> Middle nasal = an = [ã]

74
Q

-c- = ____

A

-c- = [g]
Une seconde -> segond/e

75
Q

-en —> __

A

-en [e with ~ on top] - top nasal
Un examen = -en [e with ~ on top] - top nasal

76
Q

Aimer
How different between infinitive to conjugated?

A

A i = [e] eh not ay
Aimer - ay-meh
But conjugated it’s the exception
J’aime -> j’ehme
Tu aimes -> tu ehme
Il/elle aime -> il/elle ehme

77
Q

-mn- = ____

A

-mn- = [n]
L’automne -mn- = [n]
Condamner -mn- = [n]

78
Q

-pt = ___

A

-pt = [t] p not pronounced
Sept = -pt =[t] p not pronounced
Compter = -pt = [t] p not pronounced
Un comptable =-pt = [t] p not pronounced

79
Q

—s = [s] pronounced a lot with nouns ending in —__ __and —__ __

A

—s = [s] pronounced a lot with nouns ending in -us and -is
Un ours = [s] pronounced
Un virus = [s] pronounced
Un tournevis = [s] pronounced
Un utérus = [s] pronounced
Un pénis = [s] pronounced
Le tennis = [s] pronounced
Un fils = [s] pronounced (l not pronounced)
Un rhinocéros = [s] pronounced
Du couscous = [s] pronounced

80
Q

Monsieur —— > on = ? + r = ?

A

-on- = [upside down e/uh]
Ex: monsieur -> muh-si-u (open) + r is not pronounced
An exception to the nasa vowel “on”

81
Q

-ai- = [upside down e/uh] —> what verb?

A

faire - to do
-ai- = [upside down e/uh]
(Past tense)
Nous faisons -> feh-zon
Je faisais -> feh - zay
Tu Faisais -> feh - zay
Elle/Il faisait -> feh - zay
Vous faisiez -> feh-zi-ay
Ils/elles faisaient -> feh-zay

82
Q

EXCEPTION
Oi— -> _________ - like o [backwards c/closed o] instead of the usual oi = wa
(Unusual pronunciation/exception)

A

Oi -> un oignon - like o [backwards c/closed o] instead of the usual oi = wa

83
Q

-e- -> [a] -> usually when ____

A

-e- -> [a] -> usually when e followed by mm
Innocemment -> c = s b/c of e after, e = [a]
Intelligemment -> e = [a]
Violemment -> e = [a]

84
Q

X— = ___ ex: Xavier -> gzavier, un xylophone -> un gzylophone
X before vowel = ____ex: un exemple
X before consonant = ___ ex: un texte
X in numbers = ___ ex: deuxième (second), dixième (ordinal numbers it comes up a lot)
X in short words = ___ex: dix, six

A

X— = [gz] ex: Xavier -> gzavier, un xylophone -> un gzylophone
X before vowel = [gz] ex: un exemple
X before consonant = [ks] ex: un texte
X in numbers = [z] ex: deuxième (second), dixième (ordinal numbers it comes up a lot)
X in short words = [s] ex: dix, six

85
Q

Liaisons with a d ending = ___

A

Liaisons with a d ending = [t]
Ex” un grand arbe = un gran tarbe

86
Q

LAISON RULES
Liaisons with __,__,__ = [z]
Ex: vous avez, deux ans, Chez elle, neuf ans
__ + vowel = N ex: mon avis, ton état, son orange
__ + vowel = v ex: neuf ans
___ + vowel = k ex: cinq ans
___ + vowel = r ex: premier enfant

A

LAISON RULES
Liaisons with s, x, z endings = [z]
n + vowel = N ex: mon avis, ton état, son orange
f + vowel = v ex: neuf ans
q + vowel = k ex: cinq ans
r + vowel = r ex: premier enfant

87
Q

W- = ___

A

W = [v]
ex: un wagon

88
Q

-tien- = ____

A

-tien- = [s ien]
ex: un patient, la patience (c is also s)

89
Q

-tion = ____

A

-tion = [s ion]
Ex: attention, une récréation, une action

90
Q

-t = usually ____ (ex: tout) but in small words usually ____
Ex: mat, net, un but (a goal)

A

-t = usually silent (ex: tout) but in small words usually pronounced
Ex: mat, net, un but (a goal)

91
Q

Th = ____

A

Th = [t] (h not pronounced)

92
Q

s between two vowels = ___ ex une maison

A

s between two vowels = [z]
ex: une maison une télévision, une chaise

93
Q

sc- = ___ ex un score

A

sc- = [sk]
ex: un scandale, un score, un scorpion

94
Q

Exception -> z like a [s]

A

Exception -> z like a [s]
les aztèques

95
Q

-sc- = ____
ex: une piscine

A

-sc- = [s]
ex: descendre -> sc = [s] also: une piscine, un ascenseur

96
Q

usually don’t pronounce s at the end of words.
Exceptions— x3

A

usually don’t pronounce s at the end of words.
Exceptions:
un ours - a bear
un sens - a sense
un virus - a virus

97
Q

P = [p]
1) English words we pronounce p at end:
__,__,___
2) -pt- = ___
3) Not pronounced at end of word but three exceptions ___,__,___
4)
-mpt- = p is ____

A

P = [p]
1) English words we pronounce p at end: top, stop, le rap (rap)
2) -pt- = p + t ex: un symptôme, somptueux, dompter
3) Not pronounced at the end of words otherwise: Ex: trop, un drap, un camp
4) -mpt- = p not pronounced in these words: compter, un acompte, un comptable

98
Q

Special cases with -aon = ___ vowel and are three examples: ___ , __ , ___

A

Special cases with -aon Middle nasal = an = [ã]
ex: un faon (fawn), un taon (horsefly), un paon (peacock)

99
Q

C = [k] = hard c -> followed by ___, ___, ___

A

C = [k] = hard c -> followed by a, o, u
ex: contre, carré, la culture,

100
Q

_cqu = ___
ex: grecque

A

_cqu = [k]
Ex: acquérir, grecque, acquitter

101
Q

_ct = ____ (sometimes)
Ex: direct, le tact, exact
_ct = ____
Ex: le suspect, un aspect, le respect

A

_ct = [kt] (sometimes)
Ex: direct, le tact, exact
_ct = silent
Ex: le suspect, un aspect, le respect

102
Q

cc + e.i. = ___
ex: occuper, accuser, un accord

A

cc + e.i. [ks]
ex: un accent, accélérer, le succès

103
Q

C = [s] = ____ -> followed by __ or ___

A

C = [s] = soft, s-like c -> followed by e., I
ex: le ciel, un citron, celle

104
Q

ç + ___, ___, ___ = [s]

A

ç + a, o, u = [s]
Ex: un garçon, ça, François

105
Q

C not pronounced:
- ___c
- ___t
BUT ___ct pronounced [kt]: _____,_____,_____

A

C not pronounced:
__ nc ex: blanc
__ct ex: le suspect, un aspect, le respect
BUT ___ct pronounced [kt]: direct, le tact, exact

106
Q

C = g in these exceptions:
__c__ = [g] ex: ______,______

A

C = g in these exceptions:

ex: une seconde, le second

107
Q

Ch + Sch = _____
Except: beginning of _____: it’s [k]

A

Ch + Sch = [~f] (sh)
Except: beginning of names: it’s [k] = Chris, Christian, Chrétien

108
Q

In liaison —> d becomes ___

A

In liaison —> d becomes t ex: un grand arbre -> un gran Tarbre

109
Q

F = FF = PH = ____
F at the end —> ______ ex: nerf, veuf
exception: - rf ex: ____, ______

A

F = FF = PH = [f]
F at the end —> pronounced ex: nerf, veuf
exception: - rf ex: un cerf, un nerf

110
Q

__f -> ____ in liaisons

A

__f -> [V] in liaisons

111
Q

H = can act as vowel (must) (with ___,___,___,___ before) or consonant (aspiré) (with ___,___,___,___)

A

H = can act as vowel (must) (with le, la, un, une before) or consonant (aspiré) (with le - la - un - une)

112
Q

H = middle of the world - it’s ______ vowels ex: dehors, un véhicule, un souhait)

A

H = middle of the word - it’s separating vowels ex: dehors, un véhicule, un souhait)

113
Q

K = Q = QU = [k] = hard c (c followed by —,—,—)
QU = ___
-q = ___

A

K = Q = QU = [k] = hard c (c followed by a, o, u)
QU = [k] = quand, un quai, quoi, la liqueur, le cirque, chaque, tranquille
-q = [k] = cinq, le coq

114
Q

L = [l]
- Exceptions for -ille -> where it’s not a i+y sound, it’s an i+[l]/L sound (only happens 5% of the time, most times it’s the i+y sound) -> ___,___,_____

A

L = [l]
- Exceptions for -ille -> where it’s not a i+y sound, it’s an i+[l]/L sound (only happens 5% of the time, most times it’s the i+y sound) -> une Ville, mille, tranquille

115
Q

GN + oi = ____

GN + anything but oi = ____

NG = usually with American words and pronounced like American with a nasal element

A

GN + oi = [n]
GN + oi = [n] ex: Une baignoire, Un peignoir (pronounced exactly the same except for b and p)
GN + anything but oi = [n with a tail on left] = ni (n + rolling I - nnnn ) =un agneau, un compagnon, un champignon
NG = usually with American words and pronounced like American with a nasal element

116
Q

-gt- = ____

A

-gt- = [t] longtemps (long time) , vingtième, une vingtaine

117
Q

[ŒJ] = uh + rolling i =
_____ (after c and g) =
_____ (after c and g) =
_____ =
_____ =
_____ =

A

UEIL (after c and g) =
UEILLE (after c and g) =
œIL =
EUIL =
EUILLE = [ŒJ] = uh + rolling i

118
Q

Beaucoup pronunciation.

A

Bow—cooooo

French Pronunciation (1 decks)

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