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Basic First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

What does ABC stand for

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation

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2
Q

How would you check for the ABC in a patient

A

Ask the patient are you okay
If they can answer it suggests
The airway is clear
The breathing rate is okay
The circulation is perfusing the brain

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3
Q

What does the DOTS assessment Stand for

A

D= Deformities
O= Open wounds
T= Tenderness
S= swelling

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4
Q

What are you looking for when observing for deformities

A

Deformities are abnormal shapes of body parts
Common causes of deformities are fractures and dislocations
The best way to check is to compare sides of the patient

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5
Q

How do you check for open wounds and why is this important

A

You may have to do a head to toe search as wounds could be hidden, wear gloves to protect yourself
This is important so you can stop any bleeding

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6
Q

How do you check for tenderness

A

Pressing on an area
By pressing on an area it may cause pain which can indicate an underlying injury, which gives you an early sign before other visible signs like bruising
If a patient is unresponsive when checking for tenderness check there face for a pain response

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7
Q

When would swelling occur

A

This mainly occurs with soft tissue injuries and fractures but may not be visible immediately, so make sure swelling is assessed for repeatedly

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8
Q

When is the SAMPLE assessment used

A

This is used by the emergency services at the site of an accident/incident to help gather information

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9
Q

What does SAMPLE stand for

A

S= Signs/symptoms
A= Allergies
M= Medications both prescribed and over the counter
P= Past medical history- focus on anything relevant to the situation
L= Last oral intake
E= Events leading up to the illness or injury

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10
Q

What is a seizure/convulsions

A

Uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain which may produce a physical convulsion

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11
Q

When would a patient be classed to have epilepsy

A

The tendency to have recurrent seizures which have many causes

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12
Q

What are the common causes of seizures/convulsions

A

Post-head injury
Flashing lights
Alcohol poisoning
After taking certain drugs
Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugars)

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13
Q

What are the uncommon causes of seizures/convulsions

A

Brain tumour
Infection/hyperpyrexia
Lack of oxygen

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14
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of seizures/convulsions

A

Sudden unresponsiveness
Rigid body
Arched back
Noisy, difficult breathing
Convulsive movements
Saliva/frothing at the mouth
Incontinence
Drowsiness post-seizure

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15
Q

What do you do if someone is having a seizure

A

Protect the patient from injury
Don not restrain
Reassure the patient
Place patient in recovery position when the seizure has passed
Note how long the seizure lasts
Stay with patient until recovery is complete
Be aware of anxious bystanders

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16
Q

What is the treatment for a seizure

A

Call 999 if this is there first seizure, the seizure lasts for longer of 5 mins, repeated seizures occur, they are unresponsive for more than 10 mins after the seizure, injury is sustained

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17
Q

What is syncope

A

Syncope or fainting is the loss of consciousness due to temporary reduction in blood flow to the brain. This is more common in teens and elderly. Often comes after feeling light headed and dizzy with some visual disturbance

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18
Q

What could cause syncope

A

The fainting could be caused by a reaction to pain, exhaustion, hunger, emotional stress, sitting or standing for long periods of time, feeling hot

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19
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of syncope

A

Yawning
Sudden clammy sweat
Light-headedness
Blurred vision
Spots in front of your eyes
Feeling sick
Slow pulse
Brief loss of consciousness but should not be longer than 20 seconds

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20
Q

What actions would you follow if a person had a session of fainting

A

Lie the patient down
Raise their legs
Manage there airway if needed
Make space around the patient
Ensure their is fresh air
Give reassurance
If consciousness is not regained after 2 min call 999
If breathing stops be prepared to give CPR

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21
Q

What causes a dry burn

A

Caused by naked flames, friction, hot water bottles in diabetic neuropathy

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22
Q

What causes a scald

A

Caused by wet heat such as steam or hot water

23
Q

What causes a radiation burn

A

A radiation burn is caused by sunburn or radiotherapy

24
Q

What causes a cold burn

25
What are the 3 classifications of burns
Superficial burn- outer layers of the skin Partial thickness- all layers of the skin Full thickness- tissues and structures under the skin eg-muscles and nerves
26
What are the signs/symptoms of burns/scalds
Pain Red skin Swelling Blisters Skin may peel Skin may turn white/look scorched Shock
27
What actions should you take when with someone who has a burn/scald
Remove patient from the source of the heat Start cooling the burn as soon as you can with cool running water for 10 mins Remove jewellery/clothing near the burn Cover the burn with cling film or a clean plastic bag
28
When should you call an ambulance for a burn
Bigger than the size of the patients hand The burn is on the face, hands, feet or genitals The burn involves the airway It is a full thickness burn It extends around the limb
29
What is a closed fracture
A closed fracture is where the damage to the bone is under the skin
30
What is an open fracture
Occurs when a piece of the bon punctures the skin
31
What can be the causes of fractures
Traumatic incidents Certain conditions eg- osteoporosis and some cancers can cause bones to fracture more easily
32
What are the signs/symptoms of fractures
Pain Swelling Bruising Deformity The patient is unable to use the injured body part Grinding of the bone Did the patient hear/feel the bone snap
33
What actions should you take when a person has a suspected fracture
ABC assessment Examine area using DOTS Stabilise the injury Cover any open wounds/exposed bones without applying pressure Make them comfortable Seek medical care
34
When should a splint be used
A splint should only be used if the patient needs to be moved and so minimises further injury to the bone
35
When is a sling used
Used to immobilise collarbone, shoulder, upper arm
36
What are the types of external bleeding
Capillary- usually stops after a short while eg- shaving cut/ graze Venous- can take longer to stop eg- cut with bread knife Arterial- Blood will spurt out in time with the heartbeat and can be life threatening
37
What is internal bleeding
This occurs when the skin is unbroken and the blood isn’t visible outside the body
38
What are the main sites of internal bleeding
Chest Abdomen Pelvis Long bones eg-femur
39
How can internal bleeding be recognised
Bruising Painful Tender Vomits/coughs up blood
40
What actions should you take towards external bleeding
Use personal protection to avoid coming into to contact with blood Lay the patient down Expose the wound Do not remove any foreign objects Make a clean pad to cover the wound Apply direct pressure Elevate the area if possible Call 999 for an ambulance if needed
41
What actions should you take for a patient with internal bleeding
Assess using ABC and DOTS Call 999 May need to treat patient for shock If they are vomiting roll them into the recovery position
42
What is shock
A critical condition that is brought on by a sudden drop in blood flow through the body
43
What are the common causes of shock
The circulatory system fails to maintain adequate blood flow, sharply curtailing the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to vital organs Shock can result from Pump failure Fluid loss Pipe failure Severe allergic reaction
44
What are the signs/symptoms of shock
Cold and clammy skin Pale lips/nail beds Rapid/shallow breathing Weak/rapid pulse Dizziness Fainting Weakness Nausea/vomiting Confusion Unresponsive
45
What are the actions that should be taken with someone suffering shock
Lay them down Raise their legs to about 30cm Keep person warm and comfortable Reassure Treat obvious injuries Call an ambulance Keep checking the breathing, pulse and response Perform CPR if needed
46
What is a stroke
When blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off
47
What can cause a stroke
A stroke occurs when the blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off caused by a clot or a rupture in the blood vessel, leading to a lack of oxygen causes damage to the brain cells
48
What are the types of stroke
Ischaemic stroke- occurs when an artery supplying part of the brain is blocked, starving the distal brain tissue of oxygen Haemorrhagic stroke- occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts and the bleeding puts pressure on the brain tissue
49
What are the signs/symptoms of a stroke
One sided weakness in face, arm or leg Sudden dimness Blurring Loss of vision Loss of speech Difficulty talking/understanding Sudden severe headache
50
What acronym is used to assess if a person is having stroke
FAST
51
What does FAST stand for
Face Arms Speech Time
52
What would you assess when using FAST
Face- can a person smile? Has their face fallen on one side? Arms- Can they raise both arms and keep them there? Speech- Can they speak clearly and understand what they say? Is there speech slurred? Time- If you see these signs you should call 999 time is critical
53
Once 999 is called what actions should you take waiting for the ambulance
Keep the patient comfortable and supported Do not give any food or water Reassure the patient Check breathing, pulse and response levels

First Aid And CPR (2 decks)

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