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EST SHIT > Basic Fire Equipment > Flashcards

Basic Fire Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

What fuel is characterized by its higher energy density and flash point compared to gasoline?

A

diesel

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2
Q

During an inspection of a spark plug you find a brown deposit, what does this indicate:

A

proper fuel mix and combustion

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3
Q

examples of internal combustion engine

A

Apparatus and vehicle engines, electrical generators, portable fire pumps, chainsaws, hydraulic power packs.

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4
Q

how many strokes of the piston to make up one power stroke

A

4

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5
Q

what does the number of cylinders mean

A

the more cylinders the more power (displacement is in litres ex. 2.7L displacement)

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6
Q

what is displacement?

A

it measures the total amount of fuel/air mixture that is displaced by all cylinders on the compression stroke.

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7
Q

what does stroke refer to

A

the piston travelling up or down within the cylinder.

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8
Q

what do glow plugs do

A

help diesel engines start up during cold starts.

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9
Q

examples of coolant

A

antifreeze, glycol or radiator fluid

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10
Q

what is a catalytic converter

A

for emissions and turns exhaust into less harmful substances

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11
Q

whats the driveline made up of

A

engine, driveshaft, transmission, axle

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12
Q

what is a split shaft pump drive

A

common on large pumpers, these drives “split” the drive shaft, transferring power to the fire pump instead of the rear axle

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13
Q

Power take off

A

provides auxiliary power off the side of transmission.

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14
Q

while opperating properly how many volts should an alternator produce

A

14.5 volts

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15
Q

toe adjustment

A

angle o the wheels in relation to the center line of the vehicle

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16
Q

camber adjustment

A

angle of the wheels in relation to the vertical axis of the vehicle

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17
Q

caster adjustment

A

the angle of the steering axis in relation to the ground

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18
Q

thrust angle adjustment

A

refers to the angle of the rear wheels in relation to the vehicle’s centerline.

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19
Q

what is toe in

A

toe-in is for rear-wheel drive vehicles and helps with body role

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20
Q

what is toe out

A

toe out is for front-wheel drive vehicles, which helps when accelerating and turning a corner.

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21
Q

what is the NFPA 1963 and 1961 standard?

A

The standard on Fire Hose Couplings, and the standard of Fire Hose.

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22
Q

what is a supply hose?

A

it transports water from a hydrant to the engine as well as engine to engine.

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23
Q

what is an attack hose?

A

it transports water/solutions at increased pressure: from the engine to nozzle, from the engine to FDC, and from building standpipe connection to the nozzle.

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24
Q

what are the common hose sizes?

A

38mm, 44mm, 65mm, 77mm, 100mm, 125mm, 150mm.

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25
Q

which couplings can bind if not properly aligned?

A

Storzs couplings

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26
Q

what types of damage can happen to fire hose

A

thermal damage, organic damage, mechanical, chemical damage, corrosion, age deterioration

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27
Q

when should fire hose be tested?

A

annually, after being frozen while in use, after the attachment of new couplings.

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28
Q

what does a Wye do?

A

it splits the hose, has a single female and two male couplings. Has one 2 1/2 inch inlet and two 1 1/2 outlets

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29
Q

what is a siamese connection

A

it has a single male inlet and two female outlets may come with or without a clapper valve. (used commonly to overcome friction loss in long hose lays)

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30
Q

what is a water theif

A

a large wye but it normally has one of the discharges the same size as the inlet (lower right)

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31
Q

scavenging

A

fresh fuel traveling straight through the cylinder to the exhaust without being burnt, making 2-stroke engines less efficient.

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32
Q

allison transmission retarder

A

creates back pressure inside transmission thereby putting drag on the drive train.

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33
Q

jacobs engine brake

A

air is allowed in but no fuel
exhaust valves opened at top of the compression stroke
no power stroke

34
Q

what is atmospheric pressure?

A

14.7PSI or 100KPA

35
Q

where is the oil in. a 2-stroke engine?

A

mixed with the fuel.

36
Q

where is the oil in a 4 stroke engine?

A

at the bottom on the crankshaft, piston moves it up and down with each stroke

37
Q

crankshafts’ role in transmissions

A

crankshaft delivers power to the transmission gears.

38
Q

low vs high gear in the transmission

A

low = tork (hills)
high = speed (going fast)

39
Q

what is NFPA 1901

A

the standard of how the fire apparatus is manufactured.

40
Q

what is elevation pressure?

A

10H

41
Q

what type of pump was early and able to build high pressure?

A

piston pump

42
Q

large scale fire problems require which pump, and how do they work?

A

centrifugal pumps. (think poy balls and planets in space) water starts at the center, the impeller is spinning, as it rotates the water travels to the outside of the impeller. size of impeller changes force that can be applied to water.

43
Q

what does a bigger impeller do?

A

the bigger impeller is the bigger the force that can be delivered.

44
Q

what is an impeller?

A

rotating part of the pump that imports water. water is drawn into the center of it, spun around the outside, and then flung out?

45
Q

what are centrifugal pumps more efficient for, air or water?

A

Water

46
Q

what gets rid of air in the pump?

A

positive displacement pump (powered off of vehicle battery) also: needs to be at 70KPA or less to be able to move water? (prime) ex; gear pump

47
Q

decreased pressure needs?

A

more heat, ie: increased pressure needs less heat. (water boils quicker at a higher altitude ex. mountain)

48
Q

what do positive displacement pumps do

A

PDPs remove the air trapped in the centrifugal pump. They draw water into the pump casing by
decreasing the air pressure in the pump casing and allowing atmospheric pressure to push the
water in. (priming pump for main fire pump and injection pump for foam system)

49
Q

when running primer what should the engine rpm be at?

A

at least 2000rpm

50
Q

rotary vane pump

A

moveable elements that compensate for wear and maintain a tighter fit with close clearances as the pump is used. rotary gear pumps used as primers.

51
Q

oil less primers

A

environmentally friendly, Teflon.

52
Q

impeller

A

transmits energy to the water

53
Q

casing (pumps)

A

houses impeller

54
Q

volute (pump)

A

shaping that the casing takes, wedge pattern formed by housing.

55
Q

packing rings (pump)

A

prevents water from coming out of the pump along the shaft, some pumps have mechanical seals to replace the packing. ex. graphite coated rope

56
Q

mounting positions of fire pumps. (front)

A

front - affected by wind blocks airflow, loud, (would freeze) not popular anymore
front mount pump capacities as high as 5000l per minute (larger capacity than normal) could pump and roll.

57
Q

midship pumps

A

pump centered on frame, low center of gravity, supplied power through a split shaft gear case, in the drive line, between the transmission and rear axle. driveline goes through gearbox which stops giving power to rear wheels and sends it all to the pump. most speedometers will read between 26-24km/h with engine idling. may be driven off of power take off, may have air shift or electric shift, pto allows pump and roll to occur. driveline is usually lighter which is a disadvantage. 4th gear.

58
Q

rear mount pump

A

gaining popularity, weight is good, keeps narrow profile on-road emergency, complicated drivelines, and may have their own engine.

59
Q

auxiliary engine-driven pumps

A

some powered by special fuels, seen on arff vehicles wildland fire apparatus, mobile pumps, portable fire pumps, powered on different gas engines than the one used to drive the vehicle.

60
Q

master pressure compound gauge

A

measures both positive pressure and negative pressure. (intake and discharge)

61
Q

engine temp

A

190-200 degrees is normal, alarm at 210.

62
Q

primer control (pump)

A

do not operate for longer than 30 seconds.

63
Q

testing ladders, when and what are the types.

A

test when: it falls, exposed to heat, when its been overloaded, not sure if good.
types of testing: destructive: load testing, and none destructive: magnetic, conductivity, liquid penetrant, ultrasonic inspection, radiographic, hardness testing, and acoustic emission inspection.

64
Q

ladder testing procedures

A

horizontal bend test, visual inspection.
preload ladder with 350lbs, 500lbs for final load test.
if the difference between the measurements is greater than 1/2inch for ladders up to 25 ft
1 inch for 26-34ft
1-1/2inch for 35ft

65
Q

what is NFPA 1971?

A

structural firefighting gear/wear

66
Q

three ways that you can check fluids

A

dip sticks, sight gauges and translucent containers

67
Q

what are the four strokes involved in internal combustion engines

A

intake, compression, power and exhaust

68
Q

what are the two basic types of belts?

A

V belts and serpentine belts

69
Q

define carburation

A

air mixes with fuel and makes an explosion happen in the cylinder

70
Q

oils weights (what does heavier vs lighter do better in)

A

heavier oil does better in warmer conditions, lighter does better in cooler conditions.

71
Q

examples of air cooled engines

A

power saws, generators, hydraulic power packs, portable pumps, aircrafts, motorcycles and atvs

72
Q

how do liquid cooled engines work and what are they?

A

larger vehicles and apparatus’s. the radiator cooling fluid takes heat from engine and processes it out to the atmosphere. (contains a radiator)

73
Q

what does PTO do?

A

it drives off of the flywheel and makes it so that you can move the truck while pumping water.

74
Q

which end of a coupling brings you back to the truck?

A

the male end of the coupling will always bring you back towards the apparatus.

75
Q

what is a higbee cut?

A

the thread that helps put together the couplings

76
Q

what is a rocker lug?

A

ridges on the outside of couplings that you can feel that make it easy to put the ends together. (on the male end)

77
Q

what is the measurement of a length of hose?

A

15m or 50ft

78
Q

what are four types of valves?

A

gate valve, ball valve, clapper valve and butterfly valve.

79
Q

three types of nozzle control valves

A

slide valve, ball valve, and rotary valve

80
Q

what does a hydrant kit typically contain?

A

wrench, gate valve, spanners, flashlight, utility rope

EST SHIT (3 decks)

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