Basic English Flashcards

1
Q

what year are you in?

A

freshman
sophomore(/ˈsɒfəmɔː/)
Junior
senior

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2
Q

auxiliary (ɔːɡˈzɪlɪəri)

A

کمکی

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3
Q

questions: simple present-simple past

A

question word+auxiliary+subject+base form(verb)
what did they talk about?
question word+be+subject+adjective
Where are you from?
where were you born?

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4
Q

present continuous

A

be+verb+-ing
-happen now
-for temporary things that is happening now, this week
-to describe a picture
-future meeting

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5
Q

simple present

A

base form+3rd person+(-s,-es,…)

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6
Q

simple present vs present continuous

A

simple generally true
continuous for an action happening now or at this moment

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7
Q

extroverted

A

برون گرا

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8
Q

portrait
typical
rug

A

تصویر
معمولی
قالیچه

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9
Q

symbolizes
infidelity

A

نماد میکند
خیانت

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10
Q

approximately

A

تقریبا

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11
Q

editor
assistant

A

سردبیر
دستیار

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12
Q

, extra data,

A

can be deleted
which is

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13
Q

by the way

A

راستی

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14
Q

lap
draw
paint

A

ران
نقاشی با مداد
نقاشی با رنگ

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15
Q

one of the
بعدش چی میاد

A

جمع باید باشه

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16
Q

what were they?

A

They are teachers
What are they?
Are they teachers?

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17
Q

زمان حال

A

گذشته بوده هنوز هم هست

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18
Q

typical

A

رایج

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19
Q

clothes

A

kləʊðz

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20
Q

the couple
the couples

A

is
are

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21
Q

she was expecting

A

باردار بود
pregnant

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22
Q

punctual
sightseeing

A

وقت شناس
گردش

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23
Q

It is painted by David

A

David painted this picture

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24
Q

royal
palace
hostel
sunbathed

A

سلطنتی
کاخ
مهمان خانه
تلفظ سان بید

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25
disaster irritated monument attendant
فاجعه عصبانی و خشمگین شدن بنای تاریخی خدمه
26
Hispanic break up
اسپانیایی بریک آپ
27
although tense
آلدو بااینکه مضطرب نگران
28
they went they were حرف اضافه
to in
29
everybody people جمع و غیر جمع
was were
30
arrived in arrived at
بزرگ کوچک
31
past progressive past continuous
subject+was/were+verb+ing+object past progressive+when+past simple past progressive+while+past progressive
32
announce
اعلام کردن
33
people everybody
were was
34
rebel anarchist revolution
شورشی هرج و مرج طلب انقلاب
35
furious demonstration aristocrat
خشمگین تظاهرات اشراف زاده
36
intensive
متمرکز، فشرده
37
negative question
why are you not listening شگفتی عصبانیت متقاعد کردن
38
irritating exhibit improbable drastic
آزاردهنده نمایشگاه غیر محتمل شدید
39
photographing(sound)
/ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/
40
be going to
to be + going to + verb (gonna) 1. planned future 2. prediction
41
going to vs will
going to آینده نزدیک/شواهد موجود/قصد will پیشبینی آینده دور/تصمیم لحظه‌ای/قول/پیشنهاد/مطمئن
42
(sound) direction orchid
/dɪˈrɛkʃn,dʌɪˈrɛkʃn/ /ˈɔːkɪd/ دی ریکشن
43
drop pick حرف اضافه
off up
44
nightmare facilities ambassadors to board
کابوس امکانات سفیران سوار شدن
45
present continues
(sound) happening now for temporary things that happening now, week describe picture future arrangements I am watching the final match tomorrow I am having a surprise party on the weekend
46
day month حرف اضافه
on Monday in July it is on the fourth of June it is on June fourth
47
adopt pub gastronomy expressions
قبول کردن میخانه غذا شناسی اصطلاح
48
convention contestant
مجمع قرارداد شرکت کننده kənˈtest(ə)nt
49
a 40-hour language 40 hours
40-hour صفت
50
sparkling still
گازدار ساده
51
get in touch be in touch keep in touch lose touch
type of touch
52
day + month = the + day + of + month month + day
the 17th of August The 1st of May August 17th May 1st
53
clause: 1. starts with a wh-word 2. (has a subject) 3. has a verb 4. doesn't have a complete meaning
This is the restaurant where Ben and Lily went to Summer is the season when I was born in The restaurant, where Ben and Lily went to, is called Leula The cat, which is sitting on Mr. Clark, is a symbol of infidelity
54
infidelity
خیانت
55
sound ===== sweater borrow
sweh·tr ˈbɒrəʊ
56
messy look after reputation caregiver
بی نظم مراقبت کردن شهرت/آبرو مراقب
57
could instead of can
برای آینده غیر واقعی "توانستن" یا "امکان داشتن" در شرایط فرضی است درخواست محترمانه و مودبانه احتمال ضعیف
58
preposition pp 2
just=>have/has+just+pp. a short time ago finished actions I have just finished the project. already=>have/has+already+pp finished action longer time ago I have already listened to this music.
59
preposition pp 3
recently == lately I have done a lot of work recently. Have you watched any movies recently? so far == up to now I have traveled to the North 10 times up to now.
60
present perfect
Subject+have/has+past participle+object 1.finished actions its results 2.unfinished action from the past to now
61
preposition pp 1
since/for I have stayed(been) in the class since 7:00 - for 2 years. yet=>in negatives and questions at the end unfinished actions The class hasn't finished yet. Has the class finished yet?
62
present perfect progressive
have/has + been + verb + ing We have been working in this department for 10 years We have been developing this project for 1 month. تداوم و استمرار
63
present perfect progressive vs present perfect
حال کامل ساده بیشتر روی نتیجه‌ی یک عمل یا اتفاق تاکید دارد، در حالی که حال کامل استمراری روی مدت زمان یا استمرار عمل تمرکز می‌کند.
64
to be
am/is/are was/were p.p => been
65
غیر قابل شمارش
time/hair/wood/fruit خودش غیر قابل شمارش واحد قابل شمارش
66
reputation
شهرت/آبرو
67
messy caregivers look after
بی نظم مراقبین مراقبت کردن
68
ironing iron
ˈī(ə)rniNG ˈī(ə)rn
69
grocery
خواروبار
70
exclusive
انحصاری
71
diagnosed
تشخیص داده شده ˈdʌɪəɡnəʊz
72
secretarial
منشی ˌsekrəˈterēəl
73
sewing
خیاطی ˈsōiNG
74
bridegroom
داماد
75
goodness
خوبی
76
reception
مهمانی رسمی
77
strips
نوارها
78
the cold light of day
بدون جانبداری(فکر منطقی)
79
Stripes(sound)
strʌɪp راه راه
80
مثل اونی که تو کامیپوتر دیده بود نیست
He didn't look like the thing on the computer
81
a pair of vs 2 pairs of
pants pants
82
could به جای can
درخواست محترمانه آینده غیر واقعی
83
p.p ماضی نقلی
میدونیم کی شروع شده و پایانش رو هم میدونیم در کل میگه نه همین الان از گذشته تا حالا اول ماضی نقلی میپرسه و بعد سوالا گذشتس
84
survey
نظرسنجی
85
tiring
خسته کننده
86
encourage
تشویق کردن
87
illusion
توهم
88
fictional
تخیلی اگر در کنار یک فرد حقیقی باشد به معنای افسانه‌ای است
89
puzzled
متحیر شده
90
quite
kwīt کاملا
91
p.p کی استفاده میشه
ربط به الان داشته باشه برای بیان تجربه
92
priority
اولویت
93
بعد از حرف اضافه
حرف اضافه + verb+ing حرف اضافه to استثنا است
94
inhabitant
ساکن
95
as the minutes go pass
go past میگذرد
96
present perfect progressive
تاکید خیلی زیاد
97
who vs whom
who = showing the subject whom = showing the object The man who is talking to the manager is my colleague The man with whom I took a picture is a famous actor.
98
some any no
(positive) there is something wrong with this code (negative, question) there isn't anything to eat Is there anything to eat? (negative in positive form) there is nowhere to sleep
99
verb+ed verb+ing adjective
= showing feelings = showing the cause of a feeling I was bored because the movie was boring. I terrified(verb) the guests with a terrifying scene.
100
comparison between two
1 syllable => adj + r/er taller 3/4 syllable => more/less + adj more intelligent much/a lot + comparative adj + than much more expensive X very is wrongX
101
comparison between two
2 syllable r/er => l / ow / y simpler / shallower / happier more/less => ing / ed / less / est / ful boring / tired / useless / honest / careful
102
comparing two nouns talking about similarities
as + adjective + as Jack is as tall as Ben
103
comparing two actions
as + adverb of manner + as mary works as efficiently(hard) as jane
104
comparing numbers
as + many + plural countable noun + as brian has as many houses as jack
105
comparing amounts
as + mush + uncountable noun + as fred don't have much time as jack
106
superlatives = talking about differences
1 syllable => the + adj + st / est the tallest 3/4 syllable => the + most/least + adj the most expensive (than/very/a lot/much) is wrong
107
inhabitant(s)
ساکنان
108
salesperson
فروشنده salesperson has s
109
gardener
ˈɡärd(ə)nər
110
newsstand
دکه
111
impatient im => not
عجول
112
diabetes
دایابیتیز ˌdīəˈbēdēz
113
anxious
مضطرب ˈaNG(k)SHəs اِنگشس
114
vitamin
ˈvīdəmən
115
immune
مصون
116
midday
ظهر
117
invention
اختراع
118
certainly
قطعا ˈsərtnlē
119
intellectually
از نظر فکری ˌin(t)əˈlek(t)SH(əw)əlē
120
complicated
پیچیده
121
psychology psychologist
روانشناسی روانشناس
122
stimulate stimulus stimuli
تحریک کردن محرک ˈstimyələs محرک‌ها sti·myuh·lai
123
populated population
adjective ˈpɒpjʊleɪtɪd
124
one of the biggest cities the biggest city
cities are plural
125
silm skinny
لاغر خوش اندام لاغر زشت
126
Eiffel
آی فِل
127
change
پول خرد he gave back the change
128
Souvenir
soo·vuh·neer
129
وقتی کلی میگیم نمیشماریم
fruit money time
130
روزنامه خریدم به قیمت ۴ یورو
I bought a newspaper for four euros
131
too very enough not enough
Tehran is too populated. Tehran is a very expensive city => undesirable This hotel is very comfortable => desirable I have enough colleagues to create a team. I am tall enough to reach the top shelf.
132
too very enough not enough
too=>more than enough very=>undesirable = but can do it very=>desirable = can and want to do it enough => adjective + enough enough + plural count noun enough + uncountable noun
133
Pastry
شیرینی
134
keep up
ادامه دادن
135
enormous
عظیم iˈnôrməs
136
keen
مشتاق
137
receipt
rəˈsēt رسید
138
constraint
محدودیت
139
keen interested حرف اضافه
be interested in sth be keen on sth
140
across the street
اونور خیابون اگه بخوایم بگیم جلوتر in front of
141
cash card حرف اضافه
in cash by card
142
go + activity + ing play + ball sports do + martial arts
go skiing/swimming play football/basketball so yoga/karate
143
pessimist
بدبین
144
constantly
دائما
145
passionate
پرشور
146
optimist
خوش بینانه
147
doubt
شک /dout/
148
renovating
در حال بازسازی
149
moved into
اسباب کشی
150
'd
would + فعل ساده had + قسمت سوم
151
MD
doctor of medicine
152
France
frans
153
20's
early late mid
154
قید تکرار
adverbs of frequency
155
specific name with the
(the + specific name) is wrong the + adj + specific name the tall ali
156
keep برای چه استفاده میشود
تداوم keep + verb + ing kept picking up the phone
157
pronunciation violin owl frightened(حرف اضافه) on tree/in tree know angry اضافه what اضافه amateur marathon previous
ˌvīəˈlin oul ˈfrītnd frightened of روی نوک درخت یا روی شاخه‌های درخت noo angry with what about ˈamədər ˈmerəˌTHän ˈpərvēəs
158
indeed very interesting indeed
واقعا
159
promotion
ارتقا
160
review questionnaire
بررسی کردن پرسشنامه
161
legal drug improve synchronized according to further effective
قانونی دارو بهتر کردن هماهنگ شده با توجه به بیشتر موثر
162
by 15 percent
کوچکتر و مساوی ۱۵ درصد
163
it + must be + so that + is
it is the music must be carefully chosen so that the tempo is synchronized with the exercise
164
repetitive
rəˈpedədiv تکراری
165
elite
iˈlēt نخبگان
166
record to record
اسم-رکورد-با اِ شروع میشه فعل-ضبط کردن-ری کورد
167
metronome
وسیله که تیک تیک میکنه
168
athletic athletes
aTH(ə)ˈledik ورزشی ˈaTH(ə)ˌlēt ورزشکار
169
sociology
جامعه شناسی
170
demonstration
تظاهرات نمایش
171
pillar
ستون ˈpilər
172
precious
گرانبها
173
would like
تمایل داشتن
174
si-fi
science fiction
175
fictional
تخیلی
176
حرف اضافه weekend
on weekend on Monday
177
won't
will not
178
infinitive
مصدر to + verb 1. after some special verb: want/need/would like he wants to buy a car 2. after adjective nice to meet you 3. showing reasons to = in order to I want to change my job to see the doctor
179
infinitive
مصدر to + verb 4. when the subject of the sentence and the subject of the noun clause are the same after wh-words in the clause wh-word + to + verb I don't want you to know where to go I don't know what to order
180
infinitive
مصدر to + verb false subject to have a healthy diet is necessary it is necessary to have a healthy diet to attend the meeting is vital it is vital to attend the meeting
181
vital
حیاتی
182
gerund
اسم مصدر verb + ing 1. as a subject swimming in the lake is dangerous 2. as an object of a verb enjoy/hate/mind I enjoy listening to the music Do you mind if I sit there?
183
gerund
اسم مصدر verb + ing 3. after prepositions think of/talk about/interest in I think of traveling on the weekend 4. to start a list
184
منفی کردن در حالت مصدر و اسم مصدر
not I hate not being invited to a formal ceremony It is important not to have stress in your life
185
who vs whom
The man who is speaking is my boss. The woman who is sitting over there is my wife زن نشسته - رییس صحبت کرده The man whom I take a picture with is my colleague. The man whom the police arrested was a thief. همکار عکس رو نگرفته دزد دستگیر نکرده
186
modals
بعد از ان از فعل ساده(مصدر بدون to) استفاده می‌شود
187
X should you not to do X is wrong
you shouldn't do
188
onto
بر روی
189
historical phrase
تاریخی عبارت
190
terrific
فوق العاده
191
narrow
باریک
192
fort
قلعه
193
desperate
ناامید
194
dialed تلفظ
دایلد
195
still
با این حال
196
at least
حداقل
197
waiter actor
waitress actress
198
رژیم گرفتن
go on a diet
199
modal vs auxiliary
auxiliary شکلشون عوض میشه ولی معنی عوض نمیشه modal شکلشون عوض نمیشه ولی معنی رو عوض میکنه
200
get vs earn
earn پولی get نمره
201
a series of (article or articles)
articles
202
can not گذشته mustn't
couldn't ماسنت ˈmʌsnt
203
در جمله‌های دو فعلی فعل دوم به صورت ing / to می‌آید گاهی مواقع هر دو امکان پذیر است
ing کلی to الان
204
expect فعل دوم
to speak
205
obligation
تعهد
206
Modals of obligation
1. should (a suggestion بهتره) you should clean your desk shouldn't you clean your desk? 2. had better (kind of warning free to say yes or no) you had better go to the doctor for your cough You'd better wear your gloves in this weather. you'd better not go close to that dog Had you better not shout here?
207
منفی کردن modal
modal + not + verb
208
Modals of obligation
3. must + verb (internal force, local law, emergency situation) I must stop at the traffic light. You must stop bleeding. You must study before the class. 4. have to + verb (modal-like) هم معنی رو تغییر میده هم شکل رو (external force, general law) I have to reduce my speed because of the speed camera. You have to get 12 to pass the exam.
209
prohibition
ممنوعیت
210
Modals of obligation
* must not = mustn't (strong prohibition, general law) People mustn't drink alcohol in Iran. You mustn't wear shorts at work. * (don't,doesn't) + have to + verb (not necessary) I don't have to wear a uniform at work. He doesn't have to speak French in America.
211
past obligation
had to I had to start work at 7:00 in my previous work.
212
temperature fever
تب خفیف تب شدید
213
I usually watch usually, I am watching
دومی اشتباه است قید تکرار فقط با حالت ساده
214
and
وقتی دو جلمه با and به یکدیگر متصل میشوند باید زمان هر دو جمله یکی باشد
215
It will rain It will be rainy
فعل صفت
216
jealous
حسود املا
217
aerospace
هوا و فضا
218
surprisingly not surprisingly
به طور شگفت انگیزی جای تعجب نیست
219
fewer blizzard snowstorm monsoon cyclone devastating
کمتر fyoo·ur کولاک طوفان برف باران موسمی طوفان ویرانگر
220
by
از طریق
221
the احتیاج ندارد
شهر و کشور و اسم و فامیل
222
dreamily suburb exclaim suspicious masterfully
رویایی dree·muh·lee حومه شهر فریاد زدن مشکوک استادانه
223
subject pronoun to possessive adjective ضمیر فاعلی I You He She It We You They
possessive adjective صفت ملکی my your his her its our your their + Noun
224
subject pronoun to possessive pronouns I You He She It We You They
possessive pronouns ضمایر ملکی mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
225
subject pronoun possessive adjective possessive pronouns
It is Ali's house It is his house. It is his.
226
whispered
زمزمه کرد wi·sprd
227
she came running into the hall
به این حالت "present participle" یا صفت حالتی گفته می‌شود و در اینجا نشان می‌دهد که "آمدن" همراه با دویدن یا با عجله بوده است. بنابراین "running" به عنوان یک قید عمل می‌کند که چگونگی انجام فعل came را توضیح می‌دهد. ساختار "come + present participle" (مثل "came running") اغلب برای توصیف اعمالی استفاده می‌شود که همزمان یا به شکلی خاص انجام می‌شوند.
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making an effort key factor abroad expatriate bother
تلاش کردن eh·frt عامل کلیدی خارج از کشور uh·braad خارج نشین ɛksˈpatrɪət اذیت کردن
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as a matter of fact as a matter a fact
correct incorrect
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severe
شدید səˈvir
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hit kick
ضربه با دست ضربه با پا
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include bats including bats
اولی امری است
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aisle
ile راهرو
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affect overcome therapy
تاثیر بگذارد əˈfɛkt غلبه کند درمان
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exposure exposing gradually placebo
قرار گرفتن در معرض بیماری افشاگری به تدریج دارونما pluh·see·bow
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'd
ماضی بعید => had + قسمت سوم would + فعل ساده
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respected
قابل احترام
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Captain influenced(meaning, sound) sheriff
املا تحت تاثیر قرار گرفته است in·floo·uhnst کلانتر (املا)
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commercial together
تجاری املا
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حرف اضافه year time
in 1989 at 7 o'clock
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conditional type I if clause, main/result clause
real or factual present or future simple present present progressive present perfect modal => will be going to be about to
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factual present
زمان فعل حال اخباری (که به آن factual present در انگلیسی هم گفته می‌شود) به حالتی از زمان اشاره می‌کند که درباره یک واقعیت یا رویداد در زمان حال صحبت می‌کند. این زمان برای بیان واقعیت‌های عمومی، روال‌های عادی، یا شرایط دائمی استفاده می‌شود
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conditional type I
If you cough, you are going to be sick If you have a chest pain, you are about to have a heart attack What will you do if you see a cat?
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conditional type I
If it is sunny, I will go on a picnic. If it isn't sunny, I won't go on a picnic. If it is rainy, I won't go on a picnic. If it isn't rainy, I will go on a picnic.
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نتیجه آن در آینده اتفاق می‌افتد برای همین حتما زمان جمله بعدی لازم نیست آینده باشد
If you call, I will answer it. If you are listening to me, please raise your hand if you have seen the movie, tell me about it. If you can drive a car, come with a car.
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zero conditional if clause, main clause
scientific facts habitual or repetitive actions and situations If you heat water, it boils. If you put water in the fridge, it freezes. If you get 10, you pass.
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habitual
معمولی
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حرف اضافه year time
on 1989 at 7 o'clock
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conditional II if clause, main clause
past simple => future in the past impossible, highly improbable, unreal present or future
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conditional II example
If I were a child, I would see my grandfather more. => I can't be a child again, so I can't see my grandfather again. If I had a million dollars, I could cure my disease. = I don't have a million dollars now, so I can't cure it now. What could you do if you knew 5 programming languages?
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conditional II would + verb could + verb might + verb
preference(ترجیح) ability or permission probability
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دو فعل در یک جمله
verb + to + verb verb + verb + ing let => let me know make => my wife made me clean the house help => verb - I helped the old man cross the street to verb - I helped the old man to cross the street I want to help you to learn english
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eldest elder
oldest older برای فامیل میشه از ای استفاده کرد
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نقل قول
مستقیم said "" said to "" غیر مستقیم told him that زمان با توجه با نقل کننده متفاوت میشه به همین دلیل عین خود جمله گفته نمیشه
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حرف اضافه street
on
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he didn't want (XtoX) holly to know about his date
want holly to not want to holly to.
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آینده در گذشته
she would order
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type of sentences
1. active voice subject + verb + object 2. passive voice * Simple * Progressive * Perfect * Modals / perfect Modals
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passive voice reasons?
شدن 1. Don't know the doer of the action. 2. the action is more important than the doer. 3. everybody does that action. 4. to keep the identity of the doer secret.
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passive voice
1. omit the subject 2. bring the object to the beginning 3. use a form of TOBE 4. change the verb form to past participle
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passive voice Simple My mother cooks dinner in the kitchen
TOBE + PP. Dinner is cooked in the kitchen.
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passive voice Progressive The children are playing soccer in the yard.
TOBE + BEING + PP. Soccer is being played in the yard
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verbs showing feelings
verb + -ed => adjective showing feeling amazed tired bored verb +-ing => adjective showing the cause of a feeling amazing tiring boring I was tired because I had a very tiring day? adj I tired the worker with a lot of tiring work.? verb adj
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malfunction
malˈfəNG(k)SHən خرابی
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inventor absolutely annoy annoyed servant
مخترع مطلقا آزار دادن اذیت شده خدمتکار
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apparently
ظاهرا əˈperən(t)lē
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windshield wiper disposable diaper biodegradable
برف پاک کن پوشک یکبار مصرف زیست تخریب پذیر ˌbīōdəˈɡrādəb(ə)l
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liquid politician bulletproof
مایع سیاستمدار ˌpäləˈtiSH(ə)n ˈbo͝olətˌpro͞of
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ماضی بعید present perfect past perfect
تجربه وجود داشته چایی خورده ام چایی خورده بودم
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pandemic epidemic
جهانی و قاره کشور
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machine
məˈSHēn
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to be
am is are ولی مصدر نیستند مصدر با حرف اضافه to می‌آید
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fundamental century intelligence
اساسی قرن هوش
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piled up
انباشته شده
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verb phrase
عبارت فعلی در زبان انگلیسی به مجموعه‌ای از کلمات گفته می‌شود که شامل فعل اصلی و ممکن است شامل یک یا چند فعل کمکی (مثل is, have, do, can و غیره) باشد و معنی فعل را به طور کامل بیان می‌کند.
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approachable
قابل دسترسی
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PE
physical education
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impersonal curious fed up depend suppose
غیر شخصی کنجکاو خسته بستگی دارد فرض کنید
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address indecisive (indəˈsīsiv)
مخاطب قرار دادن بلاتکلیف
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miss mrs. ms. mr. (mister) sir.
میس میسیس - ازدواج نکرده میز
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used to
عادت های قدیمی که ترک شده موقعیتی که قبلا درست بوده الان نیست مثلا قبلا یه مغازه اینجا بوده
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how to use used to
used to + base verb didn't + use to + verb did + sub + use to + verb I used to wake up so early I didn't use to go to the gym
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present habit
usually I usually study English
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how to use new habit
sth new as a habit be used to + verb + ing sth new trying to become a habit get used to + verb + ing I am used to living alone I am getting used to staying silent I can't get used to working here
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new habit
قبلا تلاش کردم الان دیگه عادت کردم
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probability
may + base verb might + base verb sound -> ˌpräbəˈbilədē may I <=> Can I به صورت مودبانه از May استفاده میشود
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present probability
may = present probability= 50% chance The exam is hard. You may not pass. might = present probability = 30% chance You got out of the office late. You might get stuck in the traffic.
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past probability
might = past probability = 50% chance I might have fall down yesterday
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indecisive
بلاتکلیف ˌindəˈsīsiv سای سیو
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herd
گله
291
تصادف هواپیما و ماشین
crash هواپیما accident ماشین
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will
برای قطعیت will (modal) + base verb
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منفی کردن فعل دوم
to tell not to tell
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clothes
klō(T͟H)z
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constantly dissatisfied opportunities
دائما ناراضی فرصت ها
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weirdly
به طرز عجیبی ˈwirdlē
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shallow humble
کم عمق فروتن
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intelligent comparative
باهوش مقایسه ای املا هر دو کلمه
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omit
حذف کردن
300
strong adjective
should use very but some adjectives like furious extremely furious
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expressing movements on vs onto in vs into toward vs backward out
The bird was sitting on the wall. The cat was moving onto the wall to catch the bird Ben is in the office. Jack is walking into the office. Mike is running toward Fred Fred steps backward. The cat is jumping out of the box.
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dignity referee umpire
کرامت داور داور ˈəmˌpī(ə)r
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incompetent dehydrated
املا هر دو کلمه بی عرضه inˈkämpətnt کم آب شده
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disqualified passive example
he was disqualified مجهول دیسکولیفای شده توسط داور از شدن استفاده شده
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would
۱. بیان شرطی (Conditional) If I had more money, I would travel around the world. ۲. بیان تمایل یا پیشنهاد (Polite offers and requests) I would like a cup of coffee, please ۳. بیان عادات گذشته (Past Habits) When I was a child, I would play outside every day ۴. بیان نتیجه یا ترجیح در آینده (Future in the past) He knew he would become a doctor one day
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neither
هیچ کدام
307
Phrasal verbs:
inseparable: verb + preposition verb + adverb separable: verb + noun object + prep. verb + prep. + noun object verb + object pronoun + prep.
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Phrasal verbs inseparable
فعل و قید Give up Take off Put off حرف اضافه Depend on Listen to Believe in Look for Rely on
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Phrasal verbs separable verb + noun object + prep. verb + prep. + noun object verb + object pronoun + prep. X verb + prep. + object pronoun X
I put my shirt on I put on my shirt. I put it on I put on it.
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short agreements: +/+
first sentence + So + (tobe-modal_auxiliary) + second subject Brian is good at playing musical instruments.=> So am I. So is my brother.
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short agreements: +/+
first sentence + and + second subject + (tobe-modal_auxiliary) + too Brian is good at playing musical instruments. => And I am, too. And my friend is, too.
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short agreements: -/-
first sentence + neither + (tobe-modal_auxiliary) + second subject Brian wasn't a studious student at school. Neither was I. Neither was my friend.
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short agreements: -/-
first sentence + and + second subject + (tobe-modal_auxiliary) + either. Brian wasn't a studious student at school. and I wasn't, either. and my friend wasn't, either.
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identical coincidence
یکسان تصادف
315
carpentry deputy sheriff
نجاری معاون کلانتر
316
confusion
گیجی
317
she's
she is she was
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thought
املا
319
news
غیر قابل شمارش
320
through
از طریق
321
past perfect simple
subject + had + pp. + object + I thought I had been there.
322
past perfect time
past perfect past simple now مطالعه کرده بودی باهاش صحبت کرده بودی
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past perfect before
past perfect + before + past simple I had washed the apple before I ate it. I had read the message before I replied it.
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past perfect after
past simple + after + past perfect I ate the apple after I had washed it. I replied the message after I had read it
325
weight
(wayt) weighed (wayd) تلفظ اسم و فعل
326
luggage belt spokesman instruction suitcase
چمدان کمربند سخنگو دستورالعمل چمدان
327
She saw my cat sensory verb
She saw my cat walk in. = the whole action She saw my cat walking in. = part of the action sensory verbs hear / notice / watch / see / listen
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type of reported speech:
1. direct: nothing changes. 2. indirect: 1. normal 2. imperatives 3. Yes/No questions 4. Wh- questions
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reported speech: verb
said / told / stated announced inform / asked questioned / wanted to know
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create reported speech direct mode
1. comma after the report 2. opening quotations 3. capitalization (capital letter) 4. punctuation (.,!?) 5. closing quotations
331
direct report: (said)
Somebody said, Somebody said to somebody,
332
Doctor: Stay in bed for 2 days. direct speech in 2 mode
The doctor said to me, "Stay in bed for 2 days." "Stay in bed for 2 days.", the doctor said to me.
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Jack: If we can't live together, we are gonna die alone. direct speech
"If we ............", Jack said. "If we can't live together," , Jack said, "we are gonna die alone."
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reported speech => indirect
imperative: ضروری normal sentences Yes/No questions Wh-questions
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possessives pronouns Imperative
دارایی ها ضمایر امری
336
indirect Imperative:
direct: base verb + reported: TO + verb + Necessary changes: 1. changing the possessives: 2. changing the pronouns: 3. changing place- and time-related words. TOLD/SAID negative: direct: Don't + verb + reported: NOT TO + verb +
337
Imperative: Doctor: Drink a lot of orange juice at your home. Doctor: Don't call me with my first name
He told me to drink a lot of orange juice at my home. The doctor told me not to call him by his first name.
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indirect: normal sentences
1. changing the possessives: 2. changing the pronouns: 3. changing time- or place-related words 4. backshift the time of the sentence (told-said) sentence => that clause
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time change normal sentences
today => that day tomorrow => the next day = the following day yesterday => the day before = the previous day next => the following last => the previous
340
backshifting:
simple present => simple past simple past => past perfect past perfect => NO change present perfect => past perfect will => would can => could here => there may => might have to => had to should => no change this => that am/is/are => was/were
341
normal: Doctor: I will visit you again tomorrow. Doctor: You are getting better in this hospital really well. Doctor: My team has done a great surgery on your body
The doctor told me that he would visit me again the next day. The doctor told me that I was getting better in that hospital really The doctor told me that his team had done a great surgery on my body
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reported speech Yes/No questions
asked wanted to know wondered necessary changes: question word order => sentence word order if + sentence whether + sentence whether or not + sentence whether + sentence + or not
343
indirect Do you like pizza?
My friend asked me if I liked pizza. My friend asked me whether I liked pizza. My friend asked me whether or not I liked pizza My friend asked me whether I liked pizza or not.
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reported speech: wh questions
1. change the possessives and pronouns 2. change time- and place-related words 3. backshift the time of the sentence sb + asked + sb + wh-word + sentence word order.
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reported speech Where are your shoes? When will you help us with the dinner? How are you changing these codes? How many books can you read in a month? Who has he invited to the party? Whose pencil did you borrow? Where had you visited on your last trip?
My wife asked me where my shoes were. My wife asked me when I would help them with the dinner. My colleagues asked me how I was changing those codes. My friend asked me how many books I could read in a month. My friend asked me who he had invited to the party. My friend asked me whose pencil I had borrowed. My friend asked me where I had visited on my last trip.