Basic Electrical Devices/Equipment Flashcards
List the Basic Electrical Devices/Equipment
A. Spudgers for lifting wires and aligning leads
B. Surgical scissors
C. Tweezers
D. Heat sinks
E. Wire strippers
F. Needlenose pliers
G. Screwdrivers
H. Nut drivers
I. Soldering Iron
J. Manual desoldering tool
K. Low-voltage pencil soldering iron
L. Desoldering bulb and soldering iron with hollow tip
M. Component lead former tool
N. Analog voltmeter
O. Digital voltmeter
P. Temperature-controlled soldering station
The Structure of Electric Power Systems in the Philippines
- Generation
- Transmission
- Distribution
- End users
______ Electric Power Systems and Equipment — Voltage Ratings (60 Hertz)
ANSI C84.1-2011
System Voltage Classes
3.1 Low Voltage (LV)
3.2 Medium Voltage (MV)
3.3 High Voltage (HV)
3.4 Extra-High Voltage (EHV)
3.5 Ultra-High Voltage (UHV)
A class of nominal system voltages 1000 volts or less
Low Voltage (LV):
A class of nominal system voltages greater than 1000 volts and less than 100 kV.
Medium Voltage (MV):
A class of nominal system voltages equal to or greater than 100 kV and equal to or less than 230 kV.
High Voltage (HV):
A class of nominal system voltages greater than 230 kV but less than 1000 kV.
Extra-High Voltage (EHV):
A class of nominal system voltages equal to or greater than 1000 kV.
Ultra-High Voltage (UHV):
In Section ____ of the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC), it is mentioned that:
Where the voltage exceeds 600 volts, nominal, permanent and conspicuous warning signs shall be provided, reading as follows:
DANGER — HIGH VOLTAGE — KEEP OUT
1.10.3.5(c)
Where the voltage exceeds 600 volts, nominal, permanent and conspicuous warning signs shall be provided, reading as follows:
DANGER — HIGH VOLTAGE — KEEP OUT
Small commercial or residential buildings have a very simple power distribution system. The utility will own the ___ , which will sit on a ___ outside the building or will be attached to a ____.
transformer; pad; utility pole
The transformer reduces the voltage from ___ down to _____ volts and then passes the electricity to a meter, which is owned by the utility and keeps a record of power consumption.
13.8kV ; 120/240 or 120/208
After leaving the meter, the power is transmitted into the building at which point all wiring, panels, and devices are the property of the ____. Wires transfer the electricity from the meter to a ____, which is generally located in the basement or garage of a house.
building owner; panel board
Power Distribution in Small Buildings:
In small commercial buildings, the panel may be located in a ____. The panel board will have a ____ and a series of circuit breakers, which control the flow of power to various circuits in the building. Each branch circuit will serve a ____ (some appliances require heavy loads) or a number of devices like convenience outlets or lights.
utility closet; main service breaker; device
Large buildings have a much higher electrical load than small buildings; therefore, the electrical equipment must be ____
larger and more robust.
Power Distribution in Large Buildings:
Large building owners will also purchase electricity at high voltages (in the US, 13.8kV) because it comes at a cheaper rate. In this case, the owner will provide and maintain their own ____, which lowers the voltage to a more usable level (in the US, 480/277 volts). This transformer can be mounted on a pad outside the building or in a transformer room inside the building.
step-down transformer;
Power Distribution in Large Buildings:
The electricity is then transmitted to ____. The role of the ____ is to distribute electricity safely and efficiently to the various electrical closets throughout the building. The equipment has numerous safety features including circuit breakers, which allow power to be disrupted downstream - this may occur due to a____, but it can also be done intentionally to allow technicians to work on specific branches of the power system.
switchgear; fault or problem
It should be noted that very large buildings or buildings with complex electrical systems may have multiple transformers, which may feed ____
multiple pieces of switchgear
The electricity will leave the switchgear and travel along a _____ This is a heavy gauge conductor that can carry high amperage current throughout a building safely and efficiently. Tapped as needed and a conductor is run to an electric closet, which serves a zone or floor of a building
primary feeder or bus.
Each electrical closet will have another step-down transformer - in the US, this will drop the power from ____ to _____ for convenience outlets. That transformer will feed a branch panel, which controls a series of branch circuits that cover a portion of the building.
480/277 volts to 120 volts
Each branch circuit covers a subset of the electrical needs of the area - for instance:
- lighting,
- convenience outlets to a series of rooms,
- or electricity to a piece of equipment.
Distribution Equipment
- Distribution Transformer
- Circuit Breaker
- Lightning Arrester
- Air Break Switch / Isolator
- Insulator
- Busbar
- Capacitor Bank
- Distribution Panel Board
is a transformer that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system, stepping down the voltage used in the distribution lines to the level used by the customer.
Distribution Transformer
