BASIC EKG - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THE HEART

Answer 1

PUMP OXYGEN ENRICHED BLOOD THROUGH THE BODY

Question 2

CARDIAC CYCLE

Answer 2

THE COORDINATION OF THE HEART FILLING AND EMPTYING BLOOD BY ELECTRICAL WAVES CAUSE THE MUSCLE OF THE HEART TO CONTRACT AND RELAX

Question 3

CARDIAC OUTPUT

Answer 3

BLOOD EJECTED BY THE HEART EVERY MINUTE

Question 4

FIRST STEP OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE

Answer 4

ATRIAL SYSTOLE (ATRIAL KICK)

Question 5

ATRIAL SYSTOLE (ATRIAL KICK)

Answer 5

THE SA NODE SENDS AN IMPULSE THAT STARTS A WAVE OF CONDUCTION TO OTHER CARDIAC CELLS IN BOTH ATRIA, CAUSING BOTH ATRIA TO CONTRACT AT THE SAME TIME (ATRIAL KICK)

Question 6

ATRIAL KICK ASSISTS WITH

Answer 6

VENTRICULAR FILLING AND PROVIDES AT LEAST 30% MORE BLOOD TO FILL THE VENTRICLES

Question 7

SECOND STEP OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE

Answer 7

VENTRICULAR FILLING (VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE) AND ISOVOLUMETRIC VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION

Question 8

THE VENTRICLES FILL ABOUT HOW MUCH OF ITS BLOOD VOLUME?

Answer 8

70%

Question 9

THIRD STEP OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE

Answer 9

VENTRICULAR EJECTION (VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE)

Question 10

VENTRICULAR EJECTION (SYSTOLE)

Answer 10

THE WAVE OF CONDUCTION FROM THE ATRIA REACHES THE VENTRICLES CAUSING THE VENTRICLES TO CONTRACT (SYSTOLE)

Question 11

MYOCARDIOCYTES

Answer 11

SPECIALIZED CARDIAC CELLS THAT ARE SIMILAR TO SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS

Question 12

MYOFIBRILS

Answer 12

BASIC CONTRACTILE UNITS LOCATED IN MUSCLE FIBER CELLS THAT ARE MADE UP OF LONG CHAINS OF SARCOMERES

Question 13

CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIOMYOCYTES

Answer 13

MONONUCLEIC

FATIGUE RESISTANT

Question 14

INTERCALATED DISCS

Answer 14

ALLOWS THE MUSCLE TO CONTRACT AS A SINGLE SYNCHRONIZED UNIT

Question 15

FUNCTIONAL SYNCYTIUM

Answer 15

CARDIAC MUSCLE CELL GROUPS ARE LINKED TOGETHER AND FUNCTION AS A UNIT

Question 16

TWO TYPES OF MYOCARDIOCYTES

Answer 16

MECHANICAL (CONTRACTING CELLS) - WORKING CELLS

ELECTRICAL (CONDUCTIVE CELLS) - PACEMAKER CELLS

Question 17

MECHANICAL (CONTRACTING CELLS) - WORKING CELLS

Answer 17

RESPONSIBLE FOR CAUSING THE PHYSICAL CONTRACTION OF THE HEART MUSCLE

Question 18

ELECTRICAL (CONDUCTIVE CELLS) - PACEMAKER CELLS

Answer 18

CONTROLS THE RATE AND RHYTHM OF THE HEART BY COORDINATING THE ELECTRICAL IMPULSES; DOES NOT CONTAIN CONTRACTILE FILAMENTS (MYOFIBRILS), SO THEY DO NOT CONTRACT

Question 19

WORKING CELLS HAVE ONE PRIMARY CHARACTERISTIC

Answer 19

CONTRACTILITY

Question 20

CONTRACTILITY

Answer 20

CARDIAC CELLS SHORTEN (CONTRACT) AND LENGTHEN ITS FIBERS IN RESPONSE TO ELECTRICAL IMPULSE

Question 21

PACEMAKER CELLS PRIMARY CHARACTERISTICS ARE

Answer 21

AUTOMATICITY
EXCITABILITY
CONDUCTIVITY

Question 22

AUTOMATICITY

Answer 22

THE ABILITY TO SPONTANEOUSLY GENERATE ELECTRICAL IMPULSES WITHOUT EXTERNAL STIMULATION, CAUSING THE CONTRACTION

Question 23

EXCITABILITY

Answer 23

THE ABILITY TO RESPOND TO AN ELECTRICAL IMPULSE - IRRITABILITY

Question 24

CONDUCTIVITY

Answer 24

THE ABILITY TO TRANSMIT AN ELECTRICAL IMPULSE FROM ONE CELL TO THE NEXT

Question 25

MYOGENIC

Answer 25

THE ELECTRICAL IMPULSE THAT CAUSES CARDIAC CONTRACTION COMES FROM WITHIN THE CARDIAC HEART MUSCLE ITSELF

Question 26

DEPOLARIZATION

Answer 26

MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION OCCURS FROM ELECTRICAL STIMULUS; POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS ARE CROSSING THE CELLS MEMBRANE

Question 27

REPOLARIZATION

Answer 27

RETURN OF THE RESTING STATE (IONS ARE RECHARGING FOR THE NEXT CYCLE); THE RESTORATION OF NEGATIVITY WITHIN THE CELL MEMBRANE

Question 28

DIASTOLE

Answer 28

HEART MUSCLE IS RELAXING AND FILLING WITH BLOOD

Question 29

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 29

NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE RELEASED FROM SA NODE TO INCREASE HR

Question 30

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Answer 30

NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE RELEASED FROM SA NODE TO DECREASE THE HEART RATE

Question 31

SODIUM-POTASSIUM EXCHANGE PUMP

Answer 31

CHANGES IN CELL POLARITY OCCUR WHEN K+ AND NA+ MOVE IN AND OUT OF THE CELL.

Question 32

ACTION POTENTIAL

Answer 32

THE RAPID RISE AND FALL OF ELECTRICAL CHARGE WITHIN A CELLS MEMBRANE; PRODUCED BY THE MOVEMENT OF IONS

Question 33

CONDUCTION VELOCITY

Answer 33

HOW LONG IT TAKES (SPEED) THE WAVE (SIGNAL) TO TRAVEL

Question 34

REFRACTORY PERIOD

Answer 34

HOW LONG IT TAKES THE PACEMAKER CELLS TO REPOLARIZE

Question 35

ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD

Answer 35

A PERIOD IN WHICH NO STIMULUS, NO MATTER HOW STRONG, CAN CAUSE ANOTHER DEPOLARIZATION

Question 36

RELATIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD

Answer 36

THE CELL HAS PARTIALLY DEPOLARIZED, SO A VERY STRONG STIMULUS COULD CAUSE DEPOLARIZATION (VULNERABLE PERIOD OF REPOLARIZATION)

Question 37

STIMULATION OF WHICH REFRACTORY PERIOD COULD LEAD TO POTENTIALLY LIFE-THREATENING DYSRHYTHMIAS?

Answer 37

RELATIVE

Question 38

CELLS IN THE TISSUES OF THE ATRIUM HAVE A ____ CONDUCTION VELOCITY AND A ___ REFRACTORY TIME.

Answer 38

FAST; SHORT

Question 39

CELLS IN THE VENTRICLES HAVE A ___ CONDUCTION VELOCITY AND A ___ REFRACTORY TIME

Answer 39

LONGER; SLOWER

Question 40

PACEMAKERS

Answer 40

PRODUCES A WAVE OF ELECTRICITY THAT TRAVEL ALONG THE CONDUCTION SYSTEM THAT CONTROLS HOW THE HEART BEATS

Question 41

THREE PACEMAKERS

Answer 41

SA NODE AV JUNCTION PURKINJE SYSTEM

Question 42

SA NODE RATE

Answer 42

60-100

Question 43

AV JUNCTION RATE

Answer 43

40-60

Question 44

PURKINJE SYSTEM RATE

Answer 44

20-40

Question 45

THE AV NODES PRIMARY ROLE IS TO ACT AS A

Answer 45

GATEKEEPER FOR IMPULSES ORIGINATING FROM THE SA NODE; ALLOWS VENTRICLES MORE TIME TO FILL

Question 46

THE AV NODE HAS WHAT KIND OF TISSUE?

Answer 46

CONDUCTIVE TISSUE; IT DOES NOT HAVE PACEMAKER CELLS

Question 47

THE AV JUNCTION HAS WHAT KIND OF CELLS?

Answer 47

PACEMAKER CELLS