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EKG CLASS > BASIC EKG - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

BASIC EKG - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

PRIMARY PURPOSE OF THE HEART

A

PUMP OXYGEN ENRICHED BLOOD THROUGH THE BODY

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2
Q

CARDIAC CYCLE

A

THE COORDINATION OF THE HEART FILLING AND EMPTYING BLOOD BY ELECTRICAL WAVES CAUSE THE MUSCLE OF THE HEART TO CONTRACT AND RELAX

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3
Q

CARDIAC OUTPUT

A

BLOOD EJECTED BY THE HEART EVERY MINUTE

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4
Q

FIRST STEP OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE

A

ATRIAL SYSTOLE (ATRIAL KICK)

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5
Q

ATRIAL SYSTOLE (ATRIAL KICK)

A

THE SA NODE SENDS AN IMPULSE THAT STARTS A WAVE OF CONDUCTION TO OTHER CARDIAC CELLS IN BOTH ATRIA, CAUSING BOTH ATRIA TO CONTRACT AT THE SAME TIME (ATRIAL KICK)

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6
Q

ATRIAL KICK ASSISTS WITH

A

VENTRICULAR FILLING AND PROVIDES AT LEAST 30% MORE BLOOD TO FILL THE VENTRICLES

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7
Q

SECOND STEP OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE

A

VENTRICULAR FILLING (VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE) AND ISOVOLUMETRIC VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION

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8
Q

THE VENTRICLES FILL ABOUT HOW MUCH OF ITS BLOOD VOLUME?

A

70%

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9
Q

THIRD STEP OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE

A

VENTRICULAR EJECTION (VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE)

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10
Q

VENTRICULAR EJECTION (SYSTOLE)

A

THE WAVE OF CONDUCTION FROM THE ATRIA REACHES THE VENTRICLES CAUSING THE VENTRICLES TO CONTRACT (SYSTOLE)

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11
Q

MYOCARDIOCYTES

A

SPECIALIZED CARDIAC CELLS THAT ARE SIMILAR TO SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS

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12
Q

MYOFIBRILS

A

BASIC CONTRACTILE UNITS LOCATED IN MUSCLE FIBER CELLS THAT ARE MADE UP OF LONG CHAINS OF SARCOMERES

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13
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIOMYOCYTES

A

MONONUCLEIC

FATIGUE RESISTANT

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14
Q

INTERCALATED DISCS

A

ALLOWS THE MUSCLE TO CONTRACT AS A SINGLE SYNCHRONIZED UNIT

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15
Q

FUNCTIONAL SYNCYTIUM

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE CELL GROUPS ARE LINKED TOGETHER AND FUNCTION AS A UNIT

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16
Q

TWO TYPES OF MYOCARDIOCYTES

A

MECHANICAL (CONTRACTING CELLS) - WORKING CELLS

ELECTRICAL (CONDUCTIVE CELLS) - PACEMAKER CELLS

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17
Q

MECHANICAL (CONTRACTING CELLS) - WORKING CELLS

A

RESPONSIBLE FOR CAUSING THE PHYSICAL CONTRACTION OF THE HEART MUSCLE

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18
Q

ELECTRICAL (CONDUCTIVE CELLS) - PACEMAKER CELLS

A

CONTROLS THE RATE AND RHYTHM OF THE HEART BY COORDINATING THE ELECTRICAL IMPULSES; DOES NOT CONTAIN CONTRACTILE FILAMENTS (MYOFIBRILS), SO THEY DO NOT CONTRACT

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19
Q

WORKING CELLS HAVE ONE PRIMARY CHARACTERISTIC

A

CONTRACTILITY

20
Q

CONTRACTILITY

A

CARDIAC CELLS SHORTEN (CONTRACT) AND LENGTHEN ITS FIBERS IN RESPONSE TO ELECTRICAL IMPULSE

21
Q

PACEMAKER CELLS PRIMARY CHARACTERISTICS ARE

A

AUTOMATICITY
EXCITABILITY
CONDUCTIVITY

22
Q

AUTOMATICITY

A

THE ABILITY TO SPONTANEOUSLY GENERATE ELECTRICAL IMPULSES WITHOUT EXTERNAL STIMULATION, CAUSING THE CONTRACTION

23
Q

EXCITABILITY

A

THE ABILITY TO RESPOND TO AN ELECTRICAL IMPULSE - IRRITABILITY

24
Q

CONDUCTIVITY

A

THE ABILITY TO TRANSMIT AN ELECTRICAL IMPULSE FROM ONE CELL TO THE NEXT

25
Q

MYOGENIC

A

THE ELECTRICAL IMPULSE THAT CAUSES CARDIAC CONTRACTION COMES FROM WITHIN THE CARDIAC HEART MUSCLE ITSELF

26
Q

DEPOLARIZATION

A

MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION OCCURS FROM ELECTRICAL STIMULUS; POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS ARE CROSSING THE CELLS MEMBRANE

27
Q

REPOLARIZATION

A

RETURN OF THE RESTING STATE (IONS ARE RECHARGING FOR THE NEXT CYCLE); THE RESTORATION OF NEGATIVITY WITHIN THE CELL MEMBRANE

28
Q

DIASTOLE

A

HEART MUSCLE IS RELAXING AND FILLING WITH BLOOD

29
Q

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE RELEASED FROM SA NODE TO INCREASE HR

30
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

NEUROTRANSMITTERS ARE RELEASED FROM SA NODE TO DECREASE THE HEART RATE

31
Q

SODIUM-POTASSIUM EXCHANGE PUMP

A

CHANGES IN CELL POLARITY OCCUR WHEN K+ AND NA+ MOVE IN AND OUT OF THE CELL.

32
Q

ACTION POTENTIAL

A

THE RAPID RISE AND FALL OF ELECTRICAL CHARGE WITHIN A CELLS MEMBRANE; PRODUCED BY THE MOVEMENT OF IONS

33
Q

CONDUCTION VELOCITY

A

HOW LONG IT TAKES (SPEED) THE WAVE (SIGNAL) TO TRAVEL

34
Q

REFRACTORY PERIOD

A

HOW LONG IT TAKES THE PACEMAKER CELLS TO REPOLARIZE

35
Q

ABSOLUTE REFRACTORY PERIOD

A

A PERIOD IN WHICH NO STIMULUS, NO MATTER HOW STRONG, CAN CAUSE ANOTHER DEPOLARIZATION

36
Q

RELATIVE REFRACTORY PERIOD

A

THE CELL HAS PARTIALLY DEPOLARIZED, SO A VERY STRONG STIMULUS COULD CAUSE DEPOLARIZATION

(VULNERABLE PERIOD OF REPOLARIZATION)

37
Q

STIMULATION OF WHICH REFRACTORY PERIOD COULD LEAD TO POTENTIALLY LIFE-THREATENING DYSRHYTHMIAS?

A

RELATIVE

38
Q

CELLS IN THE TISSUES OF THE ATRIUM HAVE A ____ CONDUCTION VELOCITY AND A ___ REFRACTORY TIME.

A

FAST; SHORT

39
Q

CELLS IN THE VENTRICLES HAVE A ___ CONDUCTION VELOCITY AND A ___ REFRACTORY TIME

A

LONGER; SLOWER

40
Q

PACEMAKERS

A

PRODUCES A WAVE OF ELECTRICITY THAT TRAVEL ALONG THE CONDUCTION SYSTEM THAT CONTROLS HOW THE HEART BEATS

41
Q

THREE PACEMAKERS

A

SA NODE
AV JUNCTION
PURKINJE SYSTEM

42
Q

SA NODE RATE

A

60-100

43
Q

AV JUNCTION RATE

A

40-60

44
Q

PURKINJE SYSTEM RATE

A

20-40

45
Q

THE AV NODES PRIMARY ROLE IS TO ACT AS A

A

GATEKEEPER FOR IMPULSES ORIGINATING FROM THE SA NODE; ALLOWS VENTRICLES MORE TIME TO FILL

46
Q

THE AV NODE HAS WHAT KIND OF TISSUE?

A

CONDUCTIVE TISSUE; IT DOES NOT HAVE PACEMAKER CELLS

47
Q

THE AV JUNCTION HAS WHAT KIND OF CELLS?

A

PACEMAKER CELLS

EKG CLASS (2 decks)

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