basic ekg

Question 1

The heart has the innate ability to generate its own spontaneous action potentials without any external stimuli, a phenomenon known

Answer 1

as automaticity.

Question 2

The rate at which the pacemaker cells fire is

Answer 2

HR

Question 3

The pacemaker cells do not have a true ___ in their action potential cycle.

Answer 3

The pacemaker cells do not have a true “resting phase” in their action potential cycle.

Question 4

The contractile cells make up ____ of the myocardium

Answer 4

The contractile cells make up the bulk of the myocardium 99%

Question 5

what do you give for hyperkalemia

Answer 5

calcium to stabilize the cell membrane

Question 6

____is the primary pacemaker that produces spontaneous action potentials that will determine the heart rate.

Answer 6

the SA node is the primary pacemaker that produces spontaneous action potentials that will determine the heart rate.

Question 7

is located at the back of the right atrium near the superior vena cava entry.

Answer 7

SA node

Question 8

The action potential travels from the SA node through the right atrium via ___, and to the left atrium via ______

Answer 8

The action potential travels from the SA node through the right atrium via the internodal pathway, and to the left atrium via Bachmann’s bundle

Question 9

the “gatekeeper” that sends the action potential from the atria to the ventricles.

Answer 9

AV node

Question 10

The other important function of the AV node is that

Answer 10

slows down the conduction velocity of the action potential.

Question 11

the transition from the end of diastole to the start of systole in the cardiac cycle

Answer 11

, the AV node

Question 12

can assume what if you have a QRS more than 0.12 sec

Answer 12

ventricular in nature

Question 13

After the action potential travels through the AV node it will enter___

Answer 13

bundle of His, also known as the atrioventricular bundle.

Question 14

steps of conduction

Answer 14

1. SA node
2. internodal pathwya
3. AV node
4. Bundle of His
5. R/L bundle branches
6. Purkinje Fibers

Question 15

SA node speed

Answer 15

60-100

Question 15

bundle of his speed

Answer 15

40-60

Question 15

AV node speed

Answer 15

40-60

Question 16

bundle branch speed

Answer 16

20-40

Question 16

purkinje fibers speed

Answer 16

20-40

Question 17

primary cardiac stand still

Answer 17

all you have is P waves

Question 18

qrs duration

Answer 18

0.08-0.12

Question 19

P wave positive in what leads

Answer 19

I,
II,
aVF,
V4-V6

Question 20

AV conduction duration and represented by?

Answer 20

0.10-0.20

PR interval

Question 21

P wave duration

Answer 21

<0.12sec

Question 22

ST elevation in all leads

Answer 22

pericarditis

Question 23

T wave positive in what leads?

Answer 23

I II V3-V6

Question 24

PSVT caused by?

Answer 24

cell doing abhorrent pathway and fires off, then shuts down

Question 25

Adenosine dosage: for afib

Answer 25

Adenosine dosage: 6mg, 12mg, 12mg

Question 26

very rare that pt becomes unstable in ?

Answer 26

a flutter

Question 27

PVC most common cause

Answer 27

hypoxia

Question 28

what to do with PVC?

Answer 28

Check pulses and see if pt is perfusing with each beat

Question 29

medication for 2nd degree type 1

Answer 29

isoproteronal, epi, dopa

Question 30

reversal for TCA antidepressant

Answer 30

sodium bicarb

Question 31

classic presentation of torsades

Answer 31

taking lots of antacids excessive hydration

Question 32

Halothane/enfluranedoes what?

Answer 32

Halothane/enflurane-sensitize myocardium

Question 33

sevo does what in infants?

Answer 33

brady bc vagal influence is stronger in kids

Question 34

desflurane cautious of what?

Answer 34

prolonged QT during induction MAC is 6, have to dial it slowly

Question 35

Local anesthetics can cause what? reversal?

Answer 35

severe brady. asystole lipid rescue

Question 36

stop brady with what med?

Answer 36

glycopyrullate

Question 37

most common cause for perioperative dysrhytmias?

Answer 37

intubation

Question 38

postoperative dysrhytmias causes?

Answer 38

hypoxemia, cardiac ischemia catecholamine excess (sometimes we cause)

Question 39

emd

Answer 39

electrical mechanical dissocition pea

Question 40

#1 and 2 cause of cardiac arrest

Answer 40

hypoxia and hypovolemia

Question 41

what kind of MI results in death of pacemaker cells?

Answer 41

right heart s/s bradycardia hypotension

Question 42

reversal for lopressor

Answer 42

glucagon

Question 43

lidocaine contraindicated in heart blocks bc?

Answer 43

lidocaine works primarily in the ventricle, so itll knock out ventricular component

Question 44

hyperventilation does what to K

Answer 44

hypokalemia

Question 44

ketamine does what to HR/BP

Answer 44

increase HR/BP

Question 45

bronchodilator does what to K, albuterol

Answer 45

hypokalemia

Question 46

during carotid endarectomy, what can you do to stopy brady?

Answer 46

local anesthetitc around vagal area

Question 47

brady caused how in abdominal surgery?

Answer 47

air is pumped in, IVC compressed with less venous return

Question 48

atropine vs glycopyrullate

Answer 48

glyco is slow onset and long duration

Question 49

during cvp cannulation, you see PVCs, what do you do?

Answer 49

pull back, tickling atria

Question 50

pressure on eyes causes what?

Answer 50

brady