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advanced foundations 2022 > basic ECG Rhythm recognition > Flashcards

basic ECG Rhythm recognition Flashcards

1
Q

what is the accurate conduction system of the heart?

A

SA Node, AV Node, Bundle of His, Right and Left Bundle Branch, Ventricles

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2
Q

The SA Node, also known as the “primary pacemaker” beats how many times per minute?

A

60 - 100 bpm

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3
Q

The back up to the SA Node, the AV Node, also known as the “escape pacemaker” beats how many times per minute?

A

40 - 60 bpm

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4
Q

The back up to back up of the pacemakers, the ventricles, beats how many times per minute?

A

20 - 40 bpm

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5
Q

what two areas make up the AV Junction?

A

The AV Node to the Bundle of His

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6
Q

what two areas make up the ventricles?

A

The Bundle Branches and the Purkinjie network

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7
Q

What are the electrophysiologic properties of the myocardial cells?

A

To make the heart contract and regulate the heart rate.

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8
Q

The ability to initiate an adequate impulse:

a. automaticity
b. excitability
c. conductivity
d. contractility

A

a. automaticity

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9
Q

The ability to transmit an impulse:

a. automaticity
b. excitability
c. conductivity
d. contractility

A

c. conductivity

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10
Q

The ability to respond to an electrical impulse:

a. automaticity
b. excitability
c. conductivity
d. contractility

A

b. excitability

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11
Q

The ability to respond with pumping action:

a. automaticity
b. excitability
c. conductivity
d. contractility

A

d. contractility

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12
Q

Dysrhythmias are mostly seed when there is a problem with what property of the myocardial cell?

A

Automaticity

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13
Q

what occurs during eletrical events as shifts of electrons from the inside to the outside of the cell occur, thus stimulating the cells to respond leading to contraction?

A

cell changes

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14
Q

A cell change occuring during eletrical events when potassium (K+) is inside the cell and sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca+) are outside is known as:

a. polarized (resting)
b. depolarized (stimulated)
c. repolarized (recovery)

A

a. polarized (resting)

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15
Q

A cell change occuring during eletrical events when potassium (K+) is outside and move back inside the cell and sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca+) inside move back outside of the cell is known as:

a. polarized (resting)
b. depolarized (stimulated)
c. repolarized (recovery)

A

c. repolarized (recovery)

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16
Q

A cell change occuring during eletrical events when potassium (K+) inside the cell moves outside and sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca+) outside moves inside the cell is known as:

a. polarized (resting)
b. depolarized (stimulated)
c. repolarized (recovery)

A

b. depolarized (stimulated)

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17
Q

Cardiac effects of the sympathetic nervous system is known as rest and digest. True or false.

A

False.

The cardiac effects of the SNS is known as fight or flight.

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18
Q

Cardiac effects of the parasympathetic nervous system is known as fight or flight. True or false.

A

False.

The cardiac effects of the PSNS is known as rest and digest.

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19
Q

what activates cardiac B1 adrenergic receptors?
a. sympathetic nervous system
b. parasympathetic nervous system

A

a. sympathetic nervous system

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20
Q

what activates cholinergic receptors?
a. sympathetic nervous system
b. parasympathetic nervous system

A

b. parasympathetic nervous system

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21
Q

A nurses is assesing a patient and finds that his pupils are dialated, his HR and BP have increased, and upon ausculation his bronchis are open. What kind of effects is this patient experiencing?

a. caffine
b. smoothie
c. inhibitory
d. excitatory

A

d. excitatory

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22
Q

During fight or flight the SNS displays:

  • Increased rate of SA Node pacing
  • Increased rae of conduction
  • Increased rate of contraction
  • Increased irritability of foci

and are known as…

A

**Cardiac Excitatory Effects

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23
Q

During rest and digest the pSNS displays:

  • decreased Increased rate of SA Node pacing
  • decreased rae of conduction
  • decreased rate of contraction
  • decreased irritability of atrial and junctional foci

and are known as…

A

Cardiac Inhibitory Effects

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24
Q

Eletrical stimulation proceeds pumping. True or false.

A

False.

Eletrical is first!

Eletrical stimulation precedes pumping.

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25
Q

What wave is normally first in the cardiac cycle?

A

P wave

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26
Q

when both atria contract/relax together they push blood where?

A

into the ventricles

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27
Q

when both venticles contract/relax together they push blood where?

A

into the pulmonary artery and aorta

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28
Q

The ECG is an important clinical indicator of the heart’s function. True or False.

A

True.

Helps determine what part of the patients heart is damaged.

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29
Q

The correct way to apply electodes is?

A
  • white on right
  • clouds over grass
  • smoke over fire
  • shit in my heart
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30
Q

The nurse is monitoring a patient on an ECG monitor and notices artifact. What could be causing this?

I.e. distortion, inaccurate image

A
  • Muscle tremors
  • Patient movement
  • Loose electrode
  • Broken lead wire
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31
Q

The nurse is monitoring a patient on an ECG monitor and notices artifact. What should the do first?

a. call the HCP
b. asses the patient
c. lay the patient supine
d. admister 100 mL NS

I.e. distortion, inaccurate image

A

b. asses the patient

REMEMBER treat the patient instead of the cardiac monitor

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32
Q

ECG leads attach to what kind of transmitter?

A

battery operated

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33
Q

telemetry

what is located on the unit that transmit ECG signals to the monitor?

A

An antennae

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34
Q

The telemetry unit allows the patient to be

a. fertile
b. mobile
c. in a coma

A

b. mobile

35
Q

The telemerty unit is appropriate for all patients. True or False.

A

False.

The telemetry unit is NOT APPROPRIATE for all patients.

36
Q

On an ECG paper, what is measured horizontally?

A

Time

37
Q

On an ECG paper, what is measured vertically?

A

amplitude

Millivolts

38
Q

A nurse is reaading an ECG strip and is assesing the PQRST. She is evaluating what kind or response?

a. palpatations
b. eletrical
c. mechanical
d. racial

A

b. eletrical

39
Q

A nurse is taking a patients pulse to determine if the patient is stable or unstable. She is evaluating what kind of response?

a. palpatations
b. eletrical
c. mechanical
d. racial

A

c. mechanical

40
Q

A nurse is reading an ECG strip and is assesing the PQRST. She is evaluating what kind of response?

a. palpatations
b. eletrical
c. mechanical
d. racial

A

b. eletrical

41
Q

What is not a sign that the heart is effective?
a. stable hemodynamis status
b. disorientation
c. capillary refill less than 2 seconds
d. urinary output greater than or equal to 30mL/hour

A

b. disorientation

42
Q

The nurse is trying to apply electrodes to the patient and they are not sticking. What may be the problem? Select ALL that Apply:

a. sweat
b. hair
c. water

A

a. sweat
b. hair
c. water

43
Q

1 small square measures how many seconds?
a. 0.04 seconds
b. 0.06 seconds
c. 0.08 seconds
d. 1.0 second

(1 mm)

A

a. 0.04 seconds

44
Q

1 large square measures how many seconds?
a. 0.40 seconds
b. 0.80 seconds
c. 0.20 seconds
d. 0.70 seconds

A

c. 0.20 seconds

45
Q

5 large squares measures how many seconds?
a. 8 seconds
b. 7 seconds
c. 2 seconds
d. 1 second

A

d. 1 seconds

0.20 x 5 = 1 second

46
Q

300 large squares measures how many seconds?
a. 80 seconds
b. 70 seconds
c. 60 seconds
d. 10 second

A

c. 60 seconds

1 minute

47
Q

what is the baseline of the PQRST wave aka?

a. axis line
b. isoeletric line
c. wave base
d. flat line

A

b. isoeletric line

48
Q

the P wave represents?

a. atrium depolarization
b. atrium repolarization
c. ventricle depolarization
d. ventricle repolarization

A

a. atrium depolarization

slows down

49
Q

the QRS complex represents?

a. atrium depolarization
b. atrium repolarization
c. ventricle depolarization
d. ventricle repolarization

A

c. ventricle depolarization

50
Q

the plateau phase and the T wave represents?

a. atrium depolarization
b. atrium repolarization
c. ventricle depolarization
d. ventricle repolarization

A

d. ventricle repolarization

51
Q

each large square represents how many seconds?
a. 0.40
b. 0.20
c 0.10

A

b. 0.20

52
Q

how many large squares represent 1 second?
a. 5 large squares
b. 6 large squares
c. 3 large squares

A

a. 5 large squares

53
Q

how many large squares represent a full minute?
a. 30 large squares
b. 300 large squares
c. 3,000 large squares

A

b. 300 large squares

54
Q

how many large squares represent a 6-second strip?

A

30 large squares

55
Q

how does the nurse determine if the patient is stable or unstable?

A

pulse quality

HR 60 - 100 bpm

56
Q

a BP such as 90/64 shows the nurse the patient is?

A

showing instability

57
Q

the BEGINNING of the P wave to the BEGINNING of the QRS complex is called?

A

The PR interval

58
Q

the BEGINNING of the Q to the ENDINNING of the S is called?

when it leaves isoeletric and returns to the the isoeletric line

A

The QRS interval

the ENTIRE QRS COMPLEX

59
Q

The PR interval should measure between what?

A

0.12 - 0.20

  • three - five small boxes
60
Q

The QRS interval should measure between what?

when it leaves isoeletric and returns to the the isoeletric line

A

0.04 - 0.12

the ENTIRE QRS COMPLEX

normal:
- one - three small boxes

61
Q

A high T wave could mean?

A

electolyte imbalance;
hyperkalemia

62
Q

A high T wave could mean?

A

electolyte imbalance;
hyperkalemia

63
Q

two large squares vertically measures?

A

1 mV

64
Q

The eletrical composition of a heart beat can be seen as?

A

PQRST

ONE HEART BEAT

65
Q

During what wave does depolarization begin in the SA node and spreads to the AV followed by the right then left?

Atrial contraction

SA - sinoatrial
AV - atrioventricular

A

P wave

66
Q

slowed conduction through the AV Node

A

PR Segment

67
Q

the eletrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles

P wave to the beginning of QRS
(P wave & PR segment)

A

Time lag:
0.12 - 0.20 seconds (normal duration)

68
Q

the depolarization (contraction) of both ventricles

From beginning of Q (or R) wave to end of S wave

A

Time lag:
0.04 - 0.12 seconds (normal duration)

69
Q

From the end of ventricular depolarization to the start of ventricular repolarization, normally found on the isoeletric line

A

ST segment

isoeletric ST Segment

70
Q

From the end of QRS/ J point to the beginning of T wave

A

ST Segment

71
Q

ST Segment elevated more than 1mm vertically

A

ST Elevation

72
Q

ST Segment depressed more than 0.50 mm vertically

A

ST Depression

ischemia
normal in older people

73
Q

The repolarization of both ventricles is represented by what positive, rounded wave?

A

T wave

Ventricular repolarization

74
Q

A tall peaked T wave could mean?

A

hyperkalemia

75
Q

An inverted, flat T wave could mean?

A

hypokalemia, myocardial ischemia

MI Ischemia - occurs when blood flow to your heart is reduced, preventing the heart muscle from receiving enough oxygen therefor the muscle dies.

76
Q

Measured from beginning of QRS to end of T wave

A

Time lag: less than or equal to 0.44 seconds (normal duration)

77
Q

Increased risk for sudden cardiac death

(life - threatening ventricular rhythms)

A

prolongation of a QT Interval

78
Q

The total time required for ventricular depolarization and repolarization is represented on the ECG by the:

A. PR interval.
B. QRS complex.
C. ST segment.
D. QT interval.

A

D. QT interval.

79
Q

ECG waveforms are measured in which of the following?

A. Pressure and cardiac output
B. Seconds and minutes
C. Beats per minute
D. Amplitude (voltage) and duration (time)

A

D. Amplitude (voltage) and duration (time)

80
Q

The P wave represents:
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Atrial repolarization
C. Ventricular depolarization
D. Ventricular repolarization

A

A. Atrial depolarization

81
Q

The normal measurement of the PR interval is:
A. Less than 0.11 second.
B. 0.06 to 0.10 second.
C. 0.12 to 0.20 second.
D. 0.16 to 0.26 second.

A

C. 0.12 to 0.20 second.

82
Q

The QRS complex normally measures:
A. Less than or equal to 0.12 second.
B. 0.10 to 0.16 second.
C. 0.12 to 0.20 second.
D. 0.16 to 0.24 second.

A

A. Less than or equal to 0.12 second.

83
Q

The ST segment is normally:
A. Isoelectric.
B. Elevated.
C. Depressed.
D. Biphasic.

A

A. Isoelectric.

advanced foundations 2022 (4 decks)

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