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Dive Medicine > Basic Dive Medicine > Flashcards

Basic Dive Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles

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2
Q

What gas laws are applicable to the gas exchange process in the lungs?

A

Dalton’s Law (Partial Pressure)

Henry’s Law (Law of Absorption)

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3
Q

What direction do arteries carry blood?

A

Away from the heart

*oxygenated (blue)

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4
Q

What direction do veins carry blood?

A

To the heart

*deoxygenated (red)

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5
Q

Where does gas exchange take place?

A

Capillary Beds

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6
Q

What does O2 attach to in the blood?

A

Hemoglobin

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7
Q

What are the 3 main characteristics of CO?

A

1) Odorless
2) Tastless
3) Colorless

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8
Q

What produces CO?

A

Incomplete Combustion

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9
Q

What is the result of CO poisoning in the blood?

A

It displaces and blocks hemoglobin from picking up O2

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10
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Lack of O2 to the bodily tissues

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11
Q

If O2 falls below what ata will hypoxia symptoms begin to occur on surface?

A

0.16 ata (16%)

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of CO poisoning?

A 
Tiny - Tightness across the head
Headhunters - H/A
Practice - Pounding H/A
Ninja - Nausea
Chicken - Confusion
Voodoo - Vomitting
  • unconsciousness may be the first symptom without warning
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13
Q

What are the symptoms of Hypoxia?

A

CILLI WLD (silly world)

Cyanosis
Increase HR & BP
Lack of concentration
Lack of muscle control
Inability to perform difficult task

Weakness
LOC
Drowsiness

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14
Q

What is hypercapnia and what causes it?

A

CO2 Toxicity caused by high levels of CO2 in the tissues

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15
Q

What causes Hypercapnia?

A

1) Skip Breathing
2) Excessive Work at Depth
3) Over-breathing the Rig

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of Hypercapnia?

A

I CHILD

Increased Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate
Confusion
Headache
Inability to concentrate
Loss of consciousness (can be the 1st sx)
Drowsiness

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17
Q

What is Nitrogen Narcosis?

A

A narcotic effect on the CNS due to increased ppN2

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of Nitrogen Narcosis?

A

CLASI

Confusion
Lack of concern for safety
Apparent stupidity
Sense of well being
Impaired judgement
19
Q

At what depth do you generally appearance symptoms of Nitrogen Narcosis?

A

130 fsw

20
Q

What are the two type of O2 Toxicity?

A

1) CNS O2 Toxicity

2) Pulmonary O2 Toxicity

21
Q

What must the ppO2 reach to encounter symptoms of CNS O2 Toxicity?

A

Usually not encountered unless ppO2 reaches or exceeds 1.6 ata

  • can experience symptoms as low as 1.3 ata
22
Q

What are the symptoms of CNS O2 Toxicity?

A

VENTTID-C

Vision - blurred/tunnel
Ears - tinnitus or roaring
Nausea
Twitching/Tingling - facial or extremities
Irritability - change in behavior
Dizziness - clumsiness or incoordination
Convulsions - CAN BE THE 1ST SYMPTOM
23
Q

Below what core body temperature is considered hypothermic?

A

98 degrees F

24
Q

What causes pulmonary O2 Toxicity?

A

Long exposures to increased ppO2

25
Q

What are the symptoms of Pulmonary O2 Toxicity?

A

CBS
Coughing
Burning
Shortness of Breath (dyspnea)

26
Q

Below what temperature of water is a wet suit recommended?

A

80 degrees F

27
Q

Below what temperature of water is a Variable Volume Dry Suit or Hot Water Suit recommended?

A

40 degrees F

28
Q

How long after after being off O2 can a O2 hit occur?

A

1 - 2 min

29
Q

For a near drowning victim should you use the ABC or CAB Method?

A

ABC

Airway
Breathing
Circulation

30
Q

What is the greatest risk of a near drowning victim after an incident?

A

Pneumonia

31
Q

Wha are the 3 bones in the middle ear?

A
  1. Malleus (hammer)
  2. Incus (anvil)
  3. Stapes (stirrup)
32
Q

What connects the middle ear to the back of the throat?

A

Eustachian Tubes

33
Q

What are the two fibrous windows in the opposite side of the TM (tympanic membrane)

A

1) Oval Window

2) Round Window

34
Q

What allows the divers to equalize pressure in the middle ear with the ambient pressure?

A

Eustachian Tubes

35
Q

What is contained in the inner ear?

A
  1. Cochlea (snail shaped organ of hearing)

2. Vestibular Apparatus (organ of balance)

36
Q

What is a barotrauma?

A

Damage to body tissues due to changes in ambient pressure

37
Q

What is needed for a barotrauma?

A

GRAVE

Gas filled space
Rigid walls
Ambient pressure change
Vascular penetration
Enclosed space
38
Q

What is a barotrauma in descent and ascent called?

A 
Squeeze (descent)
Reverse Squeeze (ascent)
39
Q

What are the types of squeezes?

A

1) External Ear Squeeze
2) Middle Ear Squeeze *most common
3) Sinus Squeeze/Reverse Squeeze
4) Other

40
Q

What are the two types of Transient Vertigo?

A
  1. Caloric (water temp difference)

2. Alternobaric (pressure imbalance)

41
Q

What is a POIS?

A

Pulmonary Overinflation Syndrome;

over expansion of gas trapped in the lungs resulting in alveolar sac rupture

42
Q

What are the six parts of a neurological exam?

A

1) Mental Status
2) Coordination
3) Motor *strength
4) Cranial Nerves
5) Sensory
6) Deep Tendon Reflexes

43
Q

What is Cutis Marmorata?

A

Marbling

Itching and red/inflamed rash with central cyanotic (bluish) mottling on thorax, abdiomen (trunk) and shoulders

Dive Medicine (5 decks)

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