Basic Definitions Of Other Debates Flashcards
what does universality mean in terms of gender
all research is assumed to apply equally to both genders
Define androcentrism
Male bias
Men’s behaviour standard against/norm which women behaviour is compared→ if differs then atypical
Define alpha bias
Attempt to exaggerate diff between the genders
- Define beta bias
Attempt to downplay diff between genders
What is it meant by bias
Scientific tradition of clastering people into groups and formulating Laws which apply to them
Define cultural bias
Refers to tendency to ignore cultural difference & interpret all phenomena through ‘lens’ of ones own culture
Define ethnocentrism (2)
- Judging other cultures by standards and values of one’s own culture
- In extreme form it is belief in superiority of one’s own culture which may lead to prejudice and discrimination towards other culture
- Define cultural relativism
Idea that norms and values as well as ethics and moral standards can only be meaningful and understood within specific social and cultural context
Define culture
all the knowledge and values shared by a society.
Why should psychologist consider culture when conducting research
people are affected by a range of factors that are specific to the cultural group in which they developed and within which they live. Psychologists should always attempt to account for the ways in which culture affects thinking and behavior.
What does W.E.I.R.D stand for and how does this effect using US sample
Western, education college student groups drawn from post-industrial, materially rich, demographic nation state
US groups are overwhelmingly weird in the demographic make up
What is Emic approach (2)
investigation of a culture from within the culture itself. This means that research of European society from a European perspective is emic, and African society by African researchers in Africa is also emic.
more likely have ecological validity⇒ findings less likely to be distorted or caused by a mismatch between the cultures of the researchers and the culture being investigated.
What does universality cause in terms of culture
Making the assumption that behaviors are universal across cultures can lead toimposed etics, where a construct from one culture is applied inappropriately to another. For example, although basic human emotional facial expressions are universal there can be subtle cultural variation in these.
Define the nature vs nurture debate
Concerned with extent to which aspects of behaviour are product or inherited or acquired characteristics
Define holism
Argument of theory which proposes that only makes sense to study an indivisible system rather than in constituent part
