Basic Definitions

Question 1

What are variables?

Answer 1

Variables are the user defined names given to a memory location which is used for storing data.

Question 2

What are datatypes?

Answer 2

Datatypes specify the type of data a variable can store.

Question 3

What are format specifiers?

Answer 3

Format specifiers are used to define the type of data to be displayed.

Question 4

What are constants?

Answer 4

Constants are names given to variables whose value can’t be changed.

Question 5

What are operators?

Answer 5

Operators are symbols used to perform specific operations on operands.

Question 6

Name the arithmetic operators.

Answer 6

+plus
-minus
*multiply
/divide
&modulus
++increment
–decrement

Question 7

Name the relational operators.

Answer 7

< less than
> greater than
<= less than or equal to
>= greater than or equal to
== equal to
!= not equal to

Question 8

What are loops? Name the different types of loops.

Answer 8

Loops are used to repeat a block of code until the specified condition is met.

• for loops
  for(initialization; condition; updation){
  // code to be executed;
  }
• do-while loops
  do{
  // code to be executed
  } while (condition);
• while loops
  while(condition){
  // code to be executed;
  updation;
  }
• nested loops

Question 9

What are if statements?

Answer 9

If statements are decision-making statements that executes a block of code if the condition is met.

if(// condition){
// code to be executed
}

Question 10

What are switch statements?

Answer 10

A more efficient way to using many else if statements.

switch(// name of variable){
case 1;
// code to be executed
break;
case 2;
// code to be executed
break;
default: // on the last case
}

Question 11

What is a function?

Answer 11

A block of code which only runs when it is called.

void functionName(){
// code to be executed
}
functionName() // to call the function

Question 12

What is the difference between arguments and parameters?

Answer 12

Arguments
- the values sent to the function
- written at the bottom ()
functionName(// variable)

Parameters
- the values received by the function when its called
- written at the top (in the function)
void functionName(// datatype variable)

Question 13

What is the difference continue and break?

Answer 13

• Continue skips the rest of the code & forces the next iteration of the loop
• Break exits out of a loop or a switch completely once the condition is met

Question 14

Name the logical operators and explain them.

Answer 14

&&Logical AND (returns true only if all the conditions are true)

||Logical OR (returns false only if all the conditions are false)

!Logical NOT (returns TRUE when condition
is FALSE, returns FALSE when condition is TRUE)

Question 15

What is an array?

Answer 15

It is a data structure that can store many values of the same data type.
// datatype variable[size] = {value, value};
// to access
// name of variable [index number]

Question 16

What is a 2D array?

Answer 16

It’s a collection of data elements arranged in a grid-like structure with rows and columns.
// datatype variable[number of rows / arrays] [numbers of columns / values]= {{value, value},{value value}};

Question 17

What is a structure?

Answer 17

• collection of different data types which the compiler allocates the memory for each member
• size of structure is greater than or equal to the sum of the size of its members
• individual member can be accessed at a time

struct nameOfstruct{
data_type member_name1;
data_type member_name2;
}

Question 18

What is a union?

Answer 18

• collection of different data types in the same memory location
• the size of union is the same size as the biggest member
• only one member can be accessed

union nameOfunion{
data_type member_name1;
data_type
member_name2;
}

Question 19

What is a pointer?

Answer 19

It is used to store the memory address of other variables, functions or other pointers.

Question 20

What are the different file operations?

Answer 20

• fopen() to create a new file / open existing file
• fclose() to close a file
• fscanf() or fgets to read a file
• fprintf() or fputs() to write into a file