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Latin Regionals > Basic Customs Study Guide > Flashcards

Basic Customs Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

cursus honorum

A

course of honors - steps you take to make it to the highest jobs (from bottom to top - quaestor, praetor, consul)

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2
Q

consul

A

two men - executives - elected yearly

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3
Q

praetor

A

judges (8 elected yearly)

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4
Q

quaestor

A

treasurers (20 elected yearly)

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5
Q

aedile

A

in charge of roads and public games (4 elected yearly)

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6
Q

censor

A

2 elected every five years for 18 months - in charge of taking the census and public morals

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7
Q

senator

A

must be a praetor to enter - for life

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8
Q

tribune

A

10 elected yearly - only plebeians can run - can veto the senate

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9
Q

patricians/optimates

A

highest class

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10
Q

equites

A

business class

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11
Q

plebians/populares

A

lower class

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12
Q

patron

A

patron

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13
Q

clien

A

client

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14
Q

salutatio

A

visit of client to patron’s house

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15
Q

sportula

A

cold food basket given to client when he is received by patron in his atrium

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16
Q

deductio

A

patron leads clients to forum

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17
Q

paterfamilias

A

head of family (family includes wife, children, slaves and property)

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18
Q

patria potestas

A

power (of life and death in early times) of paterfamilias over family

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19
Q

metae

A

turning posts

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20
Q

spina

A

backbone around which they raced

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21
Q

ova et delphines

A

eggs and dolphins (wood or bronze) used as lap counters

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22
Q

number of laps

A

in a usual race - 7

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23
Q

how many could be held in the circus maximus?

A

250,000

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24
Q

factiones

A

racing companies

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25
Q

colors of the factiones

A

red=russata
white=albata
blue=veneta
green=prasina

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26
Q

original factiones

A

red, white

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27
Q

longest lasting factiones

A

blue, green

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28
Q

circus maximus located…

A

between Palatine and Aventine hills

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29
Q

what was dropped to start the race?

A

white cloth (mappa)

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30
Q

biga

A

2 horse chariot

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31
Q

quadriga

A

4 horse chariot

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32
Q

auriga

A

charioteer

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33
Q

curriculum

A

successfully completed lap

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34
Q

carceres

A

starting gates

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35
Q

Myrmillones

A 
fought with:
- helmet
- oblong shield
- sword
FISH CREST ON HELMET
Usually fought Retiarius or Thracians
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36
Q

Retiarii

A

lightly clad, armed with:
NET AND TRIDENT
Usually fought Myrmillones or Secutores

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37
Q

Samnites

A

OBLONG SHIELD & VISORED HELMET

sword

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38
Q

Thracians

A

small ROUND SHIELD & CURVED SCIMITAR

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39
Q

Bestiarii

A

HUNTERS fought wild beasts

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40
Q

Essedarii

A

RODE CHARIOTS with 2 horses

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41
Q

Andabata

A

heavily armed, but…

CAN’T SEE OUT OF VISORED HELMET

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42
Q

Laquearii

A

armed with LASSO and a curved piece of wood

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43
Q

Secutores

A

“PURSUERS” like Samnite (oblong shield, visored helmet and sword) but without neck protector

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44
Q

Hoplomachi

A

FULL-ARMED with a breast-plate and visored helmet

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45
Q

rudis

A

wooden sword given to gladiator on their retirement

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46
Q

lanista

A

gladiator trainer

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47
Q

editor munerum

A

giver of games

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48
Q

arena/harena

A

sand put down to absorb the blood from a gladiator match

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49
Q

venationes

A

hunts where Bestiarii fought wild beasts

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50
Q

premere pollicem

A

to press the thumb against the forefinger - meaning crowd wants to spare gladiators life

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51
Q

vertere pollicem

A

turning the thumb upwards or towards the chest - to signify the death stroke

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52
Q

when were gladiator fights brought to Rome?

A

264 BC

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53
Q

where were gladiator fights originally fought?

A

funerals

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54
Q

naumachiae

A

mock naval battles - they flooded the arena

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55
Q

apodyterium

A

dressing room

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56
Q

hypocausta

A

furnace

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57
Q

caldarium

A

hot bath

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58
Q

frigidarium

A

cold bath

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59
Q

unctorium

A

scraping room/massage

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60
Q

strigil

A

scraper

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61
Q

palaestra

A

exercise area

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62
Q

ludus

A

elementary school

63
Q

litterator

A

elementary school teacher

64
Q

paedagogus

A

slave who carried books to school

65
Q

grammaticus

A

upper school teacher

66
Q

stylus and tabula

A

pen and notebook

67
Q

century

A

60 men

68
Q

maniple

A

120 men

69
Q

cohort

A

360 men

70
Q

legion

A

3600 men

71
Q

contubernium

A

6-8 men who share a tent (part of a century)

72
Q

dux

A

general

73
Q

imperator

A

victorius general

74
Q

toga picta

A

worn by victorious general

75
Q

tesserae

A

passwords

76
Q

signum

A

standard

77
Q

signifer

A

holder of standard

78
Q

aquila

A

eagle-standard (of a legion)

79
Q

aquilifer

A

holder of the eagle

80
Q

vexillum

A

flag

81
Q

pedites

A

infantry

82
Q

equites

A

cavalry

83
Q

gladius

A

sword

84
Q

scutum

A

sheild

85
Q

galea

A

leather helmet

86
Q

cassis

A

metal helmet

87
Q

pilum

A

spear

88
Q

hasta

A

javelin

89
Q

lorica

A

leather breastplate

90
Q

caligae

A

boots

91
Q

sarcina

A

soldiers cloak/blanket

92
Q

pugio

A

dagger

93
Q

tunica recta

A

white wedding dress

94
Q

flammeum

A

“saffron” colored veil

95
Q

sponsalia

A

engagement

96
Q

“ub tu Gaius, ego Gaia”

A

what bride says at ceremony

“where you are my husband, I am”

97
Q

what would a woman dedicate to the lares on the night before her wedding?

A

her bulla

98
Q

deductio

A

procession of wedding party to forum

99
Q

Pontifex Maximus

A

chief priest, elected for life

only man allowed in round temple

100
Q

Vestal Virgins

A 
start at age 6
learn job for 10 years
work as Vestal for 10 years
teach for 10 years
Keep flame of Vesta burning, keep documents etc. safe,
101
Q

auspex/augur

A

priest who checks sky for omens (birds/lightning)

102
Q

haruspex

A

checks guts of animals for omens

103
Q

Salii

A

dancing priests of Mars

104
Q

Lares

A

household gods

105
Q

Lararium

A

shrine for Lares

106
Q

Penates

A

gods of cupboards

107
Q

praenomen

A

first name

108
Q

nomen

A

family name

109
Q

cognomen

A

name for branch of family

110
Q

agnomen

A

earned name

111
Q

subligaculum

A

underwear

112
Q

tunica

A

worn by all (like long t-shirts)

113
Q

toga praetexta

A

worn by boys under 16 and magistrates (with a purple strip)

114
Q

toga virilis/toga pura

A

all white - worn by men over 16

115
Q

toga libera

A

same as virilis/pura (boys gave up tog praetexta on the Liberalia)

116
Q

toga candida

A

worn by men running for office (bright chalk white)

117
Q

toga pulla

A

worn by men in morning

118
Q

what were men in mourning called?

A

sordidati

119
Q

stola

A

womens dress

120
Q

palla

A

womens shawl

121
Q

bulla

A

childs good luck charm

122
Q

calceus

A

shoe (for outdoors)

123
Q

solea

A

sandal for indoors

124
Q

petasus

A

broad-brimmed hat

125
Q

pileus

A

cap of freedom

126
Q

atrium

A

entry hallway/large meeting room

127
Q

compluvium

A

hole in roof of atrium - allows water in

128
Q

impluvium

A

basin that catches water

129
Q

alae

A

wings off atrium

130
Q

imagines

A

bust of ancestors - housed in alae

131
Q

tablinum

A

master’s office

132
Q

triclinium

A

dining room

133
Q

culina

A

kitchen

134
Q

cubiculum

A

bedroom

135
Q

peristylium

A

outdoor garden with columns

136
Q

hortus

A

regular garden

137
Q

ientaculum

A

breakfast

138
Q

prandium

A

lunch

139
Q

cena

A

dinner

140
Q

secunda mensa

A

dessert

141
Q

gustatio/promulsis/antecena

A

appetizer

142
Q

mulsum

A

wine mixed with honey

143
Q

commissatio

A

drinking party

144
Q

rex bibendi

A

master of the drinking (he decides the games etc.)

145
Q

seating

A

Romans reclined on their left side

there were 3 couches, each seating 3 people

146
Q

Via Appia

A

Appian Way, from Rome to Capua early on

then extended to Brundisium, known as the queen of the roads ‘regina viarum’

147
Q

Via Sacra

A

road which ran through the forum

148
Q

Mare Nostum

A

“our sea” - Mediterranean

149
Q

basilica

A

law court

150
Q

curia

A

senate house

151
Q

cloaca maxima

A

great sewer

152
Q

insulae

A

apartment buildings

153
Q

vigiles

A

firemen/police

Latin Regionals (4 decks)

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