Basic Concepts Of organic Compound Flashcards
What is the most electronegative element in the carbon group?
Fluorine
Which carbon atom is considered acidic in organic compounds?
The carbon attached to a hydrogen atom in a carboxylic acid.
What type of hybridization occurs in sp3 carbon atoms?
Tetrahedral hybridization.
True or False: Carbon can exhibit sp hybridization.
True
Fill in the blank: The carbon atom in ___________ is the most acidic.
acetic acid
What is the hybridization of carbon in ethylene (C2H4)?
sp2 hybridization.
Which type of carbon hybridization is associated with triple bonds?
sp hybridization.
True or False: The acidity of carbon increases with increasing electronegativity of adjacent atoms.
True
What is the hybridization of carbon in methane (CH4)?
sp3 hybridization.
In which functional group is the acidic carbon typically found?
Carboxylic acid group.
What is the electronegativity of carbon on the Pauling scale?
2.55
Which hybridization type results in a linear molecular shape?
sp hybridization.
True or False: A carbon atom in a carbonyl group is less acidic than in a carboxylic acid.
True
What is the hybridization of carbon in acetylene (C2H2)?
sp hybridization.
Fill in the blank: The presence of an electronegative atom near an acidic carbon increases its __________.
acidity
Which carbon is the least electronegative in a hydrocarbon chain?
The terminal carbon atom.
What type of hybridization occurs in a carbon atom that is part of a double bond?
sp2 hybridization.
True or False: The more electronegative the substituents around a carbon atom, the more acidic it becomes.
True
What is the role of electronegativity in determining acidity in organic compounds?
Electronegativity influences the stability of the conjugate base formed after deprotonation.
Which carbon is commonly considered the most acidic in organic chemistry?
The carbon in a carboxyl group.
What type of bond is formed by sp hybridized carbon atoms?
Triple bonds.
Fill in the blank: Carbon atoms in ___________ undergo sp2 hybridization.
alkenes
What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in a carbonyl (C=O) group?
sp2 hybridization.
True or False: All carbon atoms in hydrocarbons are sp3 hybridized.
False
What effect does resonance have on the acidity of a carbon atom?
Resonance can stabilize the conjugate base, increasing acidity.
Which carbon hybridization leads to a trigonal planar geometry?
sp2 hybridization.
What type of bond allows free rotation?
Single bond
What type of bond prohibits rotation?
Double bond
True or False: Rotation around a double bond is free.
False
Fill in the blank: The inability to rotate around a double bond is due to _______.
The presence of pi bonds
What is the main reason for restricted rotation around double bonds?
The formation of pi bonds
Which type of bond has a sigma bond and can rotate freely?
Single bond
Multiple Choice: Which bond has restricted rotation? A) Single bond B) Double bond C) Triple bond
B) Double bond
What happens to the molecular geometry when rotation around a double bond is restricted?
It leads to cis-trans isomerism.
True or False: A double bond consists of one sigma bond and one pi bond.
True
Short Answer: How many pi bonds are present in a double bond?
One pi bond
Fill in the blank: The _______ bond in a double bond is responsible for restricting rotation.
Pi
What is the effect of rotation on the stability of molecules with single bonds?
Rotation does not significantly affect stability.
Multiple Choice: Which type of isomerism is associated with restricted rotation? A) Structural isomerism B) Stereoisomerism C) Geometric isomerism
C) Geometric isomerism
True or False: Rotation around a single bond can create different structural isomers.
False
What type of bond is formed between carbon atoms in ethylene (C2H4)?
Double bond
Fill in the blank: In a double bond, the _______ bond prevents rotation.
Pi
Short Answer: What is the hybridization of carbon atoms in a double bond?
sp2 hybridization
What is the relationship between bond strength and rotation?
Stronger bonds, like double bonds, restrict rotation.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following allows for free rotation? A) C=C B) C-C C) C≡C
B) C-C
True or False: The rotation around a single bond can lead to different spatial arrangements.
True
What type of bond results in a planar structure due to restricted rotation?
Double bond
Short Answer: Name a common molecule that exhibits cis-trans isomerism.
But-2-ene
Fill in the blank: The ability to rotate around single bonds contributes to _______ diversity.
Structural
What is the consequence of restricted rotation in double bonds for chemical reactions?
It can affect the orientation of reactants.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following has a double bond? A) Ethane B) Ethylene C) Acetylene
B) Ethylene
True or False: All double bonds are associated with geometric isomerism.
False
What is the visual representation of restricted rotation around a double bond called?
Geometric isomerism
What is catenation in the context of organic chemistry?
Catenation is the ability of an element to form chains or rings by bonding to itself.
True or False: Carbon is the only element that exhibits catenation.
False
Fill in the blank: Catenation is most commonly observed in _______.
carbon
What types of functional groups can substitute in catenation?
Functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and amino groups can substitute in catenation.
Which element besides carbon is known for significant catenation?
Silicon
What is the primary factor that affects the extent of catenation?
The bond strength between atoms of the same element.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of catenation? A) Formation of linear structures B) Formation of branched structures C) Formation of cyclic structures D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What is the role of functional groups in catenation?
Functional groups can modify the properties and reactivity of the catenated structures.
True or False: The presence of functional groups can enhance the stability of catenated compounds.
True
What is a common application of catenated compounds in industry?
Catenated compounds are commonly used in the production of polymers.
Fill in the blank: Compounds with long carbon chains are often referred to as _______.
polymers
What type of bond is primarily involved in catenation?
Covalent bonds
Multiple Choice: Which of the following functional groups is NOT typically involved in catenation? A) Ether B) Carboxylic acid C) Alkane D) Amine
C) Alkane
What is the significance of catenation for organic compounds?
Catenation allows for the formation of complex molecular structures, leading to diverse chemical properties.
True or False: Catenation can only occur in saturated compounds.
False
What is the effect of electronegativity on catenation?
Higher electronegativity can hinder catenation by increasing bond polarity and instability.
Fill in the blank: The process of catenation can lead to the formation of _______ structures.
branched
What is the relationship between catenation and molecular weight?
Higher catenation typically results in increased molecular weight.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a linear catenated structure? A) Cyclohexane B) Ethylene C) Polyethylene D) Benzene
C) Polyethylene
What is a key challenge in synthesizing catenated compounds?
Controlling the length and branching of the chains.
True or False: All elements can form catenated structures.
False
What is one reason that carbon is preferred in the formation of catenated compounds?
Carbon forms strong covalent bonds with itself, allowing for stable chain formation.
Fill in the blank: Catenation is an important concept in the study of _______ chemistry.
organic
What type of reaction often involves the substitution of functional groups in catenated compounds?
Nucleophilic substitution reactions
Multiple Choice: Which of the following compounds is an example of catenation? A) NaCl B) H2O C) C6H12 D) CO2
C) C6H12
