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Chemistry Hydrocarbons > Basic Concepts Of organic Compound > Flashcards

Basic Concepts Of organic Compound Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most electronegative element in the carbon group?

A

Fluorine

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2
Q

Which carbon atom is considered acidic in organic compounds?

A

The carbon attached to a hydrogen atom in a carboxylic acid.

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3
Q

What type of hybridization occurs in sp3 carbon atoms?

A

Tetrahedral hybridization.

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4
Q

True or False: Carbon can exhibit sp hybridization.

A

True

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: The carbon atom in ___________ is the most acidic.

A

acetic acid

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6
Q

What is the hybridization of carbon in ethylene (C2H4)?

A

sp2 hybridization.

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7
Q

Which type of carbon hybridization is associated with triple bonds?

A

sp hybridization.

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8
Q

True or False: The acidity of carbon increases with increasing electronegativity of adjacent atoms.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the hybridization of carbon in methane (CH4)?

A

sp3 hybridization.

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10
Q

In which functional group is the acidic carbon typically found?

A

Carboxylic acid group.

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11
Q

What is the electronegativity of carbon on the Pauling scale?

A

2.55

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12
Q

Which hybridization type results in a linear molecular shape?

A

sp hybridization.

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13
Q

True or False: A carbon atom in a carbonyl group is less acidic than in a carboxylic acid.

A

True

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14
Q

What is the hybridization of carbon in acetylene (C2H2)?

A

sp hybridization.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The presence of an electronegative atom near an acidic carbon increases its __________.

A

acidity

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16
Q

Which carbon is the least electronegative in a hydrocarbon chain?

A

The terminal carbon atom.

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17
Q

What type of hybridization occurs in a carbon atom that is part of a double bond?

A

sp2 hybridization.

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18
Q

True or False: The more electronegative the substituents around a carbon atom, the more acidic it becomes.

A

True

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19
Q

What is the role of electronegativity in determining acidity in organic compounds?

A

Electronegativity influences the stability of the conjugate base formed after deprotonation.

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20
Q

Which carbon is commonly considered the most acidic in organic chemistry?

A

The carbon in a carboxyl group.

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21
Q

What type of bond is formed by sp hybridized carbon atoms?

A

Triple bonds.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: Carbon atoms in ___________ undergo sp2 hybridization.

A

alkenes

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23
Q

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in a carbonyl (C=O) group?

A

sp2 hybridization.

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24
Q

True or False: All carbon atoms in hydrocarbons are sp3 hybridized.

A

False

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25
Q

What effect does resonance have on the acidity of a carbon atom?

A

Resonance can stabilize the conjugate base, increasing acidity.

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26
Q

Which carbon hybridization leads to a trigonal planar geometry?

A

sp2 hybridization.

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27
Q

What type of bond allows free rotation?

A

Single bond

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28
Q

What type of bond prohibits rotation?

A

Double bond

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29
Q

True or False: Rotation around a double bond is free.

A

False

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30
Q

Fill in the blank: The inability to rotate around a double bond is due to _______.

A

The presence of pi bonds

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31
Q

What is the main reason for restricted rotation around double bonds?

A

The formation of pi bonds

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32
Q

Which type of bond has a sigma bond and can rotate freely?

A

Single bond

33
Q

Multiple Choice: Which bond has restricted rotation? A) Single bond B) Double bond C) Triple bond

A

B) Double bond

34
Q

What happens to the molecular geometry when rotation around a double bond is restricted?

A

It leads to cis-trans isomerism.

35
Q

True or False: A double bond consists of one sigma bond and one pi bond.

A

True

36
Q

Short Answer: How many pi bonds are present in a double bond?

A

One pi bond

37
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ bond in a double bond is responsible for restricting rotation.

A

Pi

38
Q

What is the effect of rotation on the stability of molecules with single bonds?

A

Rotation does not significantly affect stability.

39
Q

Multiple Choice: Which type of isomerism is associated with restricted rotation? A) Structural isomerism B) Stereoisomerism C) Geometric isomerism

A

C) Geometric isomerism

40
Q

True or False: Rotation around a single bond can create different structural isomers.

A

False

41
Q

What type of bond is formed between carbon atoms in ethylene (C2H4)?

A

Double bond

42
Q

Fill in the blank: In a double bond, the _______ bond prevents rotation.

A

Pi

43
Q

Short Answer: What is the hybridization of carbon atoms in a double bond?

A

sp2 hybridization

44
Q

What is the relationship between bond strength and rotation?

A

Stronger bonds, like double bonds, restrict rotation.

45
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following allows for free rotation? A) C=C B) C-C C) C≡C

A

B) C-C

46
Q

True or False: The rotation around a single bond can lead to different spatial arrangements.

A

True

47
Q

What type of bond results in a planar structure due to restricted rotation?

A

Double bond

48
Q

Short Answer: Name a common molecule that exhibits cis-trans isomerism.

A

But-2-ene

49
Q

Fill in the blank: The ability to rotate around single bonds contributes to _______ diversity.

A

Structural

50
Q

What is the consequence of restricted rotation in double bonds for chemical reactions?

A

It can affect the orientation of reactants.

51
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following has a double bond? A) Ethane B) Ethylene C) Acetylene

A

B) Ethylene

52
Q

True or False: All double bonds are associated with geometric isomerism.

A

False

53
Q

What is the visual representation of restricted rotation around a double bond called?

A

Geometric isomerism

54
Q

What is catenation in the context of organic chemistry?

A

Catenation is the ability of an element to form chains or rings by bonding to itself.

55
Q

True or False: Carbon is the only element that exhibits catenation.

A

False

56
Q

Fill in the blank: Catenation is most commonly observed in _______.

A

carbon

57
Q

What types of functional groups can substitute in catenation?

A

Functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and amino groups can substitute in catenation.

58
Q

Which element besides carbon is known for significant catenation?

A

Silicon

59
Q

What is the primary factor that affects the extent of catenation?

A

The bond strength between atoms of the same element.

60
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of catenation? A) Formation of linear structures B) Formation of branched structures C) Formation of cyclic structures D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

61
Q

What is the role of functional groups in catenation?

A

Functional groups can modify the properties and reactivity of the catenated structures.

62
Q

True or False: The presence of functional groups can enhance the stability of catenated compounds.

A

True

63
Q

What is a common application of catenated compounds in industry?

A

Catenated compounds are commonly used in the production of polymers.

64
Q

Fill in the blank: Compounds with long carbon chains are often referred to as _______.

A

polymers

65
Q

What type of bond is primarily involved in catenation?

A

Covalent bonds

66
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following functional groups is NOT typically involved in catenation? A) Ether B) Carboxylic acid C) Alkane D) Amine

A

C) Alkane

67
Q

What is the significance of catenation for organic compounds?

A

Catenation allows for the formation of complex molecular structures, leading to diverse chemical properties.

68
Q

True or False: Catenation can only occur in saturated compounds.

A

False

69
Q

What is the effect of electronegativity on catenation?

A

Higher electronegativity can hinder catenation by increasing bond polarity and instability.

70
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of catenation can lead to the formation of _______ structures.

A

branched

71
Q

What is the relationship between catenation and molecular weight?

A

Higher catenation typically results in increased molecular weight.

72
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a linear catenated structure? A) Cyclohexane B) Ethylene C) Polyethylene D) Benzene

A

C) Polyethylene

73
Q

What is a key challenge in synthesizing catenated compounds?

A

Controlling the length and branching of the chains.

74
Q

True or False: All elements can form catenated structures.

A

False

75
Q

What is one reason that carbon is preferred in the formation of catenated compounds?

A

Carbon forms strong covalent bonds with itself, allowing for stable chain formation.

76
Q

Fill in the blank: Catenation is an important concept in the study of _______ chemistry.

A

organic

77
Q

What type of reaction often involves the substitution of functional groups in catenated compounds?

A

Nucleophilic substitution reactions

78
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following compounds is an example of catenation? A) NaCl B) H2O C) C6H12 D) CO2

A

C) C6H12

Chemistry Hydrocarbons (1 decks)

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