Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen only

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2
Q

A saturated hydrocarbon has___

A

Single bonds

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3
Q

An unsaturated hydrocarbon contains___

A

carbon-carbon multiple bonds

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4
Q

What is a homologous series

A

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties

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5
Q

What is the formula for Alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

What is a functional group

A

The part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties

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7
Q

What is Aliphatic

A

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains

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8
Q

What is Alicyclic

A

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring structures, with or without branches

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9
Q

What is Acromatic

A

Some or all the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

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10
Q

What are Alkanes

A

Containing single carbon to carbon bonds

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11
Q

What are Alkenes

A

containing at least one double carbon to carbon bond

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12
Q

What are Alkynes

A

Containing at least one triple carbon to carbon bond

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13
Q

If there is a single branch do not___

A

count for any functional groups

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14
Q

How do you name Alkanes

A

1.All Alkanes have the suffix-ane
2.Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms(stem)
3.Identify any side chains and which number carbon the side chains are on
4.Combine the suffix, stem, and side chains to name the compound

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15
Q

What is alkyl(side chains)

A

A group that has a hydrogen atom removed from an alkane parent chain

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16
Q

How do you name Alicyclic Alkanes

A

1.Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
2.Add the prefix cyclo

17
Q

How do you name Alkenes

A

1.Identify which suffix to use
2.Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms(stem)
3.Identify where the double bond is by only using the smaller number
4.Combine the suffix, stem and position of the double bond

18
Q

How do you name alcohols

A

1.Identify the functional group and suffix(oh)
2.Identify the longest chain of carbon atoms(stem)
3.Identify which carbon atom the functional group is on
4.Combine the suffix, and stem to name the compound

19
Q

How do you name Aldehydes

A

1.Identify the functional group and suffix(al)
2.Identify the longest chain of carbon atoms(stem)
3.combine the suffix and stem
4.Aldehydes do not need numbers to show position of the carbon groups

20
Q

What is the skeletal formula

A

A simplified organic formula

21
Q

In a skeletal formula a line represents___

A

a single bond

22
Q

In a skeletal formula an intersection of two lines represents__

A

a carbon atom

23
Q

What is structural Isomerism

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

24
Q

What are Covalent bonds

A

A shared pair electrons between two atoms

25
Covalent bonds can be broken down by___
Homolytic fission or heterolytic fission
26
What is Homolytic fission
Each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond
27
In homolytic fission each atom now has a__-
single unpaired electron
28
What is a radical
An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron
29
What is Heterolytic fission
One of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond
30
In heterolytic fission
One of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond
31
In heterolytic fission the atom that takes both electrons becomes a___
negative ion
32
In heterolytic fission the atom that does not take the electrons becomes a___
positive ion
33
What is a reaction mechanism
An equation that tells you about the reactants, products and stoichiometry
34
What do curly arrows show
the movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made in heterolytic fission
35
What do fish hook arrows show
the movement of a single unpaired electron in mechanisms involving radicals
36
What is Addition reaction
Two reactants join together to form one product
37
In addition reaction a molecule is___
added to the unsaturated alkene, breaking the double bond to form a single saturated compound
38
What is substitution reaction
An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or groups of atoms
39
What is Elimination reaction
The removal of a small molecule from a larger one