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CC-2426 Chemistry Content > Basic concepts of organic chemistry > Flashcards

Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen only

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2
Q

A saturated hydrocarbon has___

A

Single bonds

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3
Q

An unsaturated hydrocarbon contains___

A

carbon-carbon multiple bonds

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4
Q

What is a homologous series

A

A family of compounds with similar chemical properties

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5
Q

What is the formula for Alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

What is a functional group

A

The part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties

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7
Q

What is Aliphatic

A

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains

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8
Q

What is Alicyclic

A

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring structures, with or without branches

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9
Q

What is Acromatic

A

Some or all the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring

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10
Q

What are Alkanes

A

Containing single carbon to carbon bonds

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11
Q

What are Alkenes

A

containing at least one double carbon to carbon bond

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12
Q

What are Alkynes

A

Containing at least one triple carbon to carbon bond

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13
Q

If there is a single branch do not___

A

count for any functional groups

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14
Q

How do you name Alkanes

A

1.All Alkanes have the suffix-ane
2.Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms(stem)
3.Identify any side chains and which number carbon the side chains are on
4.Combine the suffix, stem, and side chains to name the compound

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15
Q

What is alkyl(side chains)

A

A group that has a hydrogen atom removed from an alkane parent chain

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16
Q

How do you name Alicyclic Alkanes

A

1.Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
2.Add the prefix cyclo

17
Q

How do you name Alkenes

A

1.Identify which suffix to use
2.Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms(stem)
3.Identify where the double bond is by only using the smaller number
4.Combine the suffix, stem and position of the double bond

18
Q

How do you name alcohols

A

1.Identify the functional group and suffix(oh)
2.Identify the longest chain of carbon atoms(stem)
3.Identify which carbon atom the functional group is on
4.Combine the suffix, and stem to name the compound

19
Q

How do you name Aldehydes

A

1.Identify the functional group and suffix(al)
2.Identify the longest chain of carbon atoms(stem)
3.combine the suffix and stem
4.Aldehydes do not need numbers to show position of the carbon groups

20
Q

What is the skeletal formula

A

A simplified organic formula

21
Q

In a skeletal formula a line represents___

A

a single bond

22
Q

In a skeletal formula an intersection of two lines represents__

A

a carbon atom

23
Q

What is structural Isomerism

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

24
Q

What are Covalent bonds

A

A shared pair electrons between two atoms

25
Q

Covalent bonds can be broken down by___

A

Homolytic fission or heterolytic fission

26
Q

What is Homolytic fission

A

Each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond

27
Q

In homolytic fission each atom now has a__-

A

single unpaired electron

28
Q

What is a radical

A

An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron

29
Q

What is Heterolytic fission

A

One of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond

30
Q

In heterolytic fission

A

One of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond

31
Q

In heterolytic fission the atom that takes both electrons becomes a___

A

negative ion

32
Q

In heterolytic fission the atom that does not take the electrons becomes a___

A

positive ion

33
Q

What is a reaction mechanism

A

An equation that tells you about the reactants, products and stoichiometry

34
Q

What do curly arrows show

A

the movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made in heterolytic fission

35
Q

What do fish hook arrows show

A

the movement of a single unpaired electron in mechanisms involving radicals

36
Q

What is Addition reaction

A

Two reactants join together to form one product

37
Q

In addition reaction a molecule is___

A

added to the unsaturated alkene, breaking the double bond to form a single saturated compound

38
Q

What is substitution reaction

A

An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or groups of atoms

39
Q

What is Elimination reaction

A

The removal of a small molecule from a larger one

CC-2426 Chemistry Content (11 decks)

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