Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen only
A saturated hydrocarbon has___
Single bonds
An unsaturated hydrocarbon contains___
carbon-carbon multiple bonds
What is a homologous series
A family of compounds with similar chemical properties
What is the formula for Alkanes
CnH2n+2
What is a functional group
The part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties
What is Aliphatic
Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains
What is Alicyclic
Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring structures, with or without branches
What is Acromatic
Some or all the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring
What are Alkanes
Containing single carbon to carbon bonds
What are Alkenes
containing at least one double carbon to carbon bond
What are Alkynes
Containing at least one triple carbon to carbon bond
If there is a single branch do not___
count for any functional groups
How do you name Alkanes
1.All Alkanes have the suffix-ane
2.Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms(stem)
3.Identify any side chains and which number carbon the side chains are on
4.Combine the suffix, stem, and side chains to name the compound
What is alkyl(side chains)
A group that has a hydrogen atom removed from an alkane parent chain
How do you name Alicyclic Alkanes
1.Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
2.Add the prefix cyclo
How do you name Alkenes
1.Identify which suffix to use
2.Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms(stem)
3.Identify where the double bond is by only using the smaller number
4.Combine the suffix, stem and position of the double bond
How do you name alcohols
1.Identify the functional group and suffix(oh)
2.Identify the longest chain of carbon atoms(stem)
3.Identify which carbon atom the functional group is on
4.Combine the suffix, and stem to name the compound
How do you name Aldehydes
1.Identify the functional group and suffix(al)
2.Identify the longest chain of carbon atoms(stem)
3.combine the suffix and stem
4.Aldehydes do not need numbers to show position of the carbon groups
What is the skeletal formula
A simplified organic formula
In a skeletal formula a line represents___
a single bond
In a skeletal formula an intersection of two lines represents__
a carbon atom
What is structural Isomerism
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
What are Covalent bonds
A shared pair electrons between two atoms
Covalent bonds can be broken down by___
Homolytic fission or heterolytic fission
What is Homolytic fission
Each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond
In homolytic fission each atom now has a__-
single unpaired electron
What is a radical
An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron
What is Heterolytic fission
One of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond
In heterolytic fission
One of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the bond
In heterolytic fission the atom that takes both electrons becomes a___
negative ion
In heterolytic fission the atom that does not take the electrons becomes a___
positive ion
What is a reaction mechanism
An equation that tells you about the reactants, products and stoichiometry
What do curly arrows show
the movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made in heterolytic fission
What do fish hook arrows show
the movement of a single unpaired electron in mechanisms involving radicals
What is Addition reaction
Two reactants join together to form one product
In addition reaction a molecule is___
added to the unsaturated alkene, breaking the double bond to form a single saturated compound
What is substitution reaction
An atom or group of atoms is replaced by a different atom or groups of atoms
What is Elimination reaction
The removal of a small molecule from a larger one
