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A Level Chemistry > Basic concepts of organic chemistry > Flashcards

Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

Compound containing ONLY carbon and hydrogen atoms

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2
Q

What does ‘saturated hydrocarbon’ mean?

A

Has single bonds ONLY

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3
Q

What does ‘unsaturated hydrocarbons’ mean?

A

Has at least ONE double bond

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4
Q

What is nomenclature?

A

A set of rules that outline hydrocarbon naming and formula representation

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5
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A series of organic compounds having the same functional groups but with each successive member differing by CH2

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6
Q

What is the simplest homologous series?

A

Alkanes

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7
Q

What is a functional group?

A

Part of a molecule largely responsible for molecules chemical properties

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8
Q

Name the one carbon alkane

A

Methane CH4

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9
Q

Name the two carbon alkane

A

Ethane

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10
Q

Name the three carbon alkane

A

Propane

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11
Q

Name the four carbon alkane

A

Butane

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12
Q

Name the five carbon alkane

A

Pentane

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13
Q

Name the six carbon alkane

A

Hexane

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14
Q

Name the seven carbon alkane

A

Heptane

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15
Q

Name the eight carbon alkane

A

Octane

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16
Q

Name the nine carbon alkane

A

Nonane

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17
Q

Name the ten carbon alkane

A

Decane

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18
Q

What is the alkane suffix?

A

-ane

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19
Q

What is the alkene suffix?

A

-ene

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20
Q

What is the alcohol suffix?

A

-ol

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21
Q

What is the carboxylic acid suffix?

A

-oic acid

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22
Q

What is the ketone suffix?

A

-one

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23
Q

What is the aldehyde suffix?

A

-al

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24
Q

What is the ester suffix?

A

-ate

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25
Q

What is the amine suffix?

A

-amine

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26
Q

What is the fluorine prefix?

A

Fluoro-

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27
Q

What is the chlorine prefix?

A

Chloro-

28
Q

What is the bromine prefix?

A

Bromo-

29
Q

What is the iodine prefix?

A

Iodo-

30
Q

What are numbers separated by (in a compound name)?

A

Commas

31
Q

What are numbers and words separated by (in a compound name)?

A

Hyphens

32
Q

What are the prefix’s for repeated functional groups?

A

Di- (2), Tri- (3), Tetra- (4)

33
Q

What is an aliphatic compound?

A

Carbon atoms in a straight line or branched chain

34
Q

What is an alicyclic compound?

A

An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic ring, with/without branches or side chains

35
Q

What is an aromatic compound?

A

Some/all carbons atoms found in a benzene ring

36
Q

What is a alkyne compound?

A

Contains at least ONE triple carbon-carbon bond

37
Q

What is molecular formula?

A

Shows exactly how many of each atom

38
Q

What is empirical formula?

A

Simplest whole number ratio

39
Q

What is general formula?

A

Simplest algebraic formula for a homologous series

40
Q

What is displayed formula?

A

Shows positioning of all atoms

41
Q

What is structural formula?

A

Smallest amount of detail to show arrangement

42
Q

What is skeletal formula?

A

Only shows bonds in compound and non-carbon atoms

43
Q

As the number of carbons increase, what else increases?

A

Boiling point

44
Q

What is the general formula of an alkyl group?

A

C(n)H(2n+1)

45
Q

What is structural isomerism?

A

When compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

46
Q

What is a chain isomer?

A

Same molecular formula, different arrangement of carbon

47
Q

What is a position isomer?

A

Function group in a different position

48
Q

What is a functional group isomer?

A

Same molecular formula, different functional group

49
Q

What does the curly arrow describe?

A

Describes the movement of an electron pair during a reaction

50
Q

What can the curly arrow also show?

A

Can show either heterotytic fission or the formation of a covalent bond

51
Q

What is fission?

A

The breaking of a covalent bond

52
Q

What happens during homolytic fission?

A

Each bonding atom recieves one electron from the bonded pair, forming 2 radicals

53
Q

What happens during heterolytic fission?

A

One bonding atom recieves both electrons from the bonding pair which leads to a formation of a positive and negative ion

54
Q

What does a single-headed arrow represent?

A

Movement of ONE electron

55
Q

What does a double-headed arrow represent?

A

Movement of TWO electrons

56
Q

What is meant by the term ‘radicals’?

A

A highly reactive, neutral species with an unpaired electron and is represented by a dot

57
Q

What are the main types of reactions?

A

Addition, Substitution, Oxidation, Reduction, Polymerisation and Elimination

58
Q

What is meant by an addition reaction?

A

The reactants combine to form a single product

59
Q

What is meant by a substitution reaction?

A

One functional group is replaced by another

60
Q

What is meant by a oxidation reaction?

A

A species LOSES at least on electron and is OXIDISED

61
Q

What is meant by a reduction reaction?

A

A species GAINS at least one electron and is REDUCED

62
Q

What is meant by a polymerisation reaction?

A

A reaction where monomers join together to form a polymer

63
Q

What is meant by an elimination reaction?

A

A small molecule is removed from a large molecule

64
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Small molecule

65
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Long repeated molecule

66
Q

How is a covalent bond formed from two radicals?

A

The radicals collide and the electrons are involved in the bond formation

A Level Chemistry (7 decks)

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