Basic Concepts of Matter Flashcards
What is matter?
Something that occupies space
What are the 3 states of matter
Solid, Liquid, Gas
What causes change in the state of matter?
Heating and cooling
Explain the attraction force in solid, liquid and gas
Solid: Strong
Liquid: Strong, but less than solid state
Gas: Weak
Explain the arrangement of particles in solid, liquid and gas
Solid: Closely packed in an orderly matter
Liquid: Closely packed in an unorderly matter
Gas: Far apart
Explain the kinetic energy of particles in solid, liquid and gas
Solid: Low
Liquid: Higher than solid state
Gas: Very high
What form can matter exist in?
Elements and compounds
What does element consist of?
Particles of atoms or molecules
What does compound consist of?
Molecules or ions
How are ions formed?
Formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms
What is the melting point?
The constant temperature when a substance changes from a solid state to become liquid at a specific pressure
What is the freezing point?
The constant temperature when a substance changes from liquid state to become solid at a specific pressure
What is the relative charge of proton, neutron and electron respectively?
+1, 0 and -1
What is the relative mass or proton, neutron and electron respectively?
1 and 1/1840
Who is the founding father of the atomic model?
John Dalton
What did John Dalton discover?
Matter is made up of particles called atoms
What did J.J Thompson discover?
Discover negative charged particles called electrons
Atom is a positively charged sphere with electrons
What did Ernest Rutherford discover?
Nucleus is the center of the atom
Discovers positively-charged particles called proton
What did Niels Bohr discover?
Electrons in an atom move in shells around the nucleus
What did James Chadwick discover?
Discovered neutrons in the nucleus
Contributes almost half of the mass in an atom
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with he same number of protons but different number of neutrons
