Basic Concepts of Hematology Flashcards
Study of diseases of blood, concentration, morphology and function, precursor of blood cells
Hematology
Cessation of bleeding
Hemostasis
Thrombosis is a process of
Clot formation
In 1657, He describes “worms” in blood7
Athanasius Kircher
In 1674, He discovered RBC by using the microscope
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
He described platelet as ‘petite plaques’
Guilio Bizzozero
Blood composition that is composed of
- Erythrocytes
- Plateletes
- Leukocytes
- Plasma
Whole Blood
White small layer; w/ packed cell volume and plasma
Buffy coat
Plasma is composed of
Leukocytes and Platelets
Fluid by which blood is allowed to clot
Serum
Serum appears to be
Clear and straw
Fluid by which blood is not clotted
Plasma
Plasma appears to be
Hazy with yellow pale color
Percentage of blood in the body
8%
Percentage of packed cell volume
45%
Percentage of Plasma
55%
Estimated count of Platelets in the body
200-400k
Estimated count of WBC in the body
5-9k WBC
Estimated count of RBC in the body
4.2 - 6.2 Million
Percentage of Neutrophils
60-70%
Percentage of Lymphocytes
20-25%
Percentage of Monocytes
3-8%
Circulatory system is made up of
Blood
Heart
Blood vessels
carry HIGH oxygenated blood FROM HEART TO THE BODY
Arteries
carry LOW oxygenated blood FROM BODY TO HEART
Veins
Connects arteries and capillaries
Arterioles
Connects Veins and Capillaries
Venules
connects arterioles and venules; Transport blood, nutrients, and oxygen
Capillaries
Single layer of cell, lines up blood vessel
SITE OF COLLAGEN FORMATION
Endothelium
Functions of Hematology Laboratory
- Diagnosis/ruling out of disease
- Confirms clinical impressions of possible hematological disorder
- Detects unsuspected disease
- Monitor effect of therapy
- Detects minimal residual disease
Standard Precautions is required by
OSHA
Most common site for venipuncture
Superficial veins of ANTECUBITAL FOSSA
Blood collection method used for newborn, pediatric, geriatic
Skin puncture
Under 1 year of age site of skin puncture
lateral/medial PLANTAR surface of heel
Children >1 year of age
Palmar surface distal position, 3rd/4th digits
Difference of Capillary blood and venous blood
Capillary blood has more Glucose (10-20 mg/dL) and leukocytes (1000 uL) but less RBC, hemoglobin, and Platelets than venous.
RBC in Capillary is more fragile
3 categories of blood cells
Red blood cell
White Blood cell
Platelets
Size of RBC
6-8 um with 1/3 central pallor
Anucleate, biconcave, discoid
RBC
Insufficient amount of blood volume
Anemia
Increase amount of RBC in the body
Polycythemia vera
Cells that protect host from infections
WBC
Decreased amount of WBC
Leukopenia
Increased amount of WBC
Leukocytosis
decreased amount of all cell
Leukemia
3rd line of defense are
NK cells, Plasma, Macrophage
cells that maintains the intergrity of blood vessel
Platelets
Accumulation of aggregation
White thrombus
